Green remediation and recovery of contaminants using biosurfactants

使用生物表面活性剂进行污染物的绿色修复和回收

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03471
• 负责人: Mulligan, Catherine
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746394
• 关键词: Green; remediation; recovery; contaminants; using

As the goal of remediation is restoration of the environment, the remediation or treatment of the contamination should be as sustainable as possible. Some guidelines for site remediation exist to reduce the environmental footprint of the remediation process. All three aspects of environmental, social and economic must be considered. The core elements for sustainability include air emission minimization, stakeholder involvement, efficient and economic cleanup, and minimization of energy use, enhancing the human environment, reduction of land and ecosystem impacts, minimization of materials and wastes and water impact and inclusion of stakeholders. A potential solution for the pump and treatment method could involve the use of biobased products such as biological surfactants instead of petroleum-based ones. Mulligan (2014) has shown that biodegradable, non-toxic products called biosurfactants (eg., rhamnolipids and sophorolipids) can be produced from waste materials and can be employed for soil flushing or washing for metal and organic contaminants or for enhanced biodegradation of organic pollutants. Biosurfactant applications for remediation of contaminated soil and water are promising due to their low toxicity biodegradability, unlimited applicability and relative low production cost for sustainable remediation and critical micelle concentration (CMC) and high effectiveness in enhancing biodegradation and affinity for metals. Studies showed that for effective application of biosurfactants, they should be selected based on pollutant characteristics and properties, treatment capacity, costs, regulatory requirements, and time constraints. Moreover, understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between biosurfactants and contaminants can assist in selection of the appropriate biosurfactants for sustainable remediation. Therefore, the objectives of the research will be the development and application of biosurfactants for remediation as a potentially more sustainable option over the entire life will be can be achieved . The first step is through in situ production of biosurfactants. Most research has involved rhamnolipids. Other biosurfactants and process scale-up need further investigation. The next step is the remediation process itself. Indicators will be identified for measurement of the sustainability of the remediation. Minimization of energy, water use and greenhouse emissions will be some of the indicators to be used. Recycling of materials from the remediation process will be optimized. This includes for example recovery of biosurfactants, nanomaterials, organic and metal contaminants from the water effluents by Micelle Enhanced Ultrafiltration. Soil quality will be evaluated after remediation to ensure reduction in toxicity and process sustainability. The research will lead to a more sustainable remediation process for contaminated soils, sediments and wastes and training of highly qualified personnel with significant attributes.

由于修复的目的是恢复环境，因此污染的补救或处理应尽可能可持续。存在一些现场修复指南，以减少修复过程的环境足迹。必须考虑环境，社会和经济的所有三个方面。可持续性的核心要素包括空气排放最小化，利益相关者的参与，高效和经济清理以及能源利用的最小化，增强人类环境，减少土地和生态系统影响，材料和废物的最小化以及水影响以及水影响以及利益相关者的纳入。泵和处理方法的潜在解决方案可能涉及使用生物基产物，例如生物表面活性剂而不是基于石油的产品。 Mulligan（2014）表明，可生物降解的无毒产品称为生物表面活性剂（例如，鼠李糖脂和sophorolipids）可以用废料生产，可以用于土壤冲洗或用于金属和有机污染物的土壤冲洗或洗涤，或用于增强有机污染物污染物的生物降解。 。生物表面活性剂的应用用于修复受污染的土壤和水，由于其低毒性生物降解性，无限制的适用性以及可持续补救量和关键胶束浓度（CMC）的相对生产成本（CMC）的相对低生产成本以及对增强金属生物降解和亲和力的相对有效性。研究表明，为了有效地应用生物表面活性剂，应根据污染物特征和特性，治疗能力，成本，调节性要求和时间限制选择它们。此外，了解生物表面活性剂与污染物之间相互作用的机制可以帮助选择适当的生物表面活性剂以进行可持续修复。因此，该研究的目标将是将生物表面活性剂的开发和应用作为补救措施，因为可以实现一生中可能更可持续的选择。第一步是通过生物表面活性剂的原位生产。大多数研究都涉及鼠李糖脂。其他生物表面活性剂和过程缩放需要进一步研究。下一步是补救过程本身。将确定指标以衡量补救的可持续性。能源，用水和温室排放的最小化将是要使用的一些指标。从补救过程中的材料回收将被优化。这包括例如通过胶束增强的超滤从水废料中回收生物表面活性剂，纳米材料，有机和金属污染物。补救后将评估土壤质量，以确保降低毒性和处理可持续性。这项研究将导致对受污染的土壤，沉积物和废物以及具有重要属性的高素质人员的培训的更可持续的补救过程。