Natural and Constructed Wetlands for Pollution Remediation

用于污染修复的天然和人工湿地

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06511
• 负责人: Gobas, Frank
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=652025
• 关键词: Natural; Constructed; Wetlands; Pollution; Remediation

Canada's position as a global supplier of natural resources is challenged by the lack of sustainable and cost effective solutions to deal with the large scale water contamination associated with hydrocarbon extraction (fracking, oil sands), mining and industrial, agricultural and municipal waste water releases. The proposed research investigates the application of natural and constructed (also referred to as engineered or treatment) wetlands to treat large scale water contamination. The specific goal of this research is to investigate the ability of wetlands, either constructed or natural, to remove contaminants from waste waters in an efficient and environmentally safe manner under Canadian specific climate conditions and design specifications. The research includes the development and experimental testing of a quantitative, mathematical mass balance model of the environmental fate and toxicological effects of contaminants associated with bitumen and metal extraction in wetlands. The model will describe the effect of various wetlands design characteristics (e.g. size, water flow characteristics, vegetation cover) and environmental conditions (e.g. temperature) on the efficiency of chemical removal from inflowing waste waters. The model will also be able to assess contaminant concentrations in wetland flora and fauna over time and determine whether wetland treatment is environmentally safe by comparing concentrations to threshold values for toxicity. This model will build on our previous work on models of the fate of contaminants in aquatic systems. As part of this study, the performance of the model will be experimentally tested in small scale laboratory housed constructed wetlands at SFU's Alcan Aquatic Research Center. Opportunities for further field testing will be sought out through other means. The research also includes the development of methods for the measurement and estimation of the rates of chemical removal through (bio) transformation and partitioning in sediments, soils and vegetation of wetlands. Both transformation and partitioning are key processes in the environmental fate of contaminants in wetlands and remain difficult to predict. To do this, we plan to further develop and apply our thin-film sorbent dosing methods for simultaneous measurement of transformation rates and unbound chemical fractions. This method provides a suitable and promising method for making measurements of both transformation rates and partition coefficients in vegetation, sediment, soil and water that are useful in the wetland mass balance model. Finally, the results of the research will be applied to propose wetland treatment design scenarios that are feasible in Canada and effective and environmentally safe. The models will also be applied to explore the response of natural wetlands to long term contaminant inputs associated with resource extraction practices in Canada. The research aims to fill an apparent and recognized gap in this green technology in Canada by training and supporting a new generation of environmental consultants, engineers and scientists who can apply and further develop this technology in Canada and other countries. The proposed research takes advantage of our internationally recognized expertise in modeling the environmental fate and effects of chemical contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as well as our expertise in measuring and modeling the effect of biological transformation on chemical fate in sediments and chemical bioaccumulation in aquatic and terrestrial food-webs.

加拿大作为全球自然资源供应商的地位受到了缺乏可持续和具有成本效益的解决方案来应对与碳氢化合物提取（压裂，油砂），采矿和工业，农业和农业，农业和市政废水释放相关的大规模水污染的挑战。拟议的研究调查了自然和建造（也称为工程或处理）湿地的应用，以治疗大规模的水污染。这项研究的具体目标是研究在加拿大特定的气候条件和设计规范下以有效且环境安全的方式从废水中清除污染物的湿地的能力。该研究包括对湿地中与沥青和金属提取相关的污染物的环境命运和毒理学作用的定量，数学质量平衡模型的开发和实验测试。该模型将描述各种湿地设计特征（例如尺寸，水流特征，植被覆盖率）和环境条件（例如温度）对从流入废水流出的化学清除效率的影响。该模型还将能够随着时间的流逝评估湿地动植物和动物群中的污染物浓度，并通过将浓度与毒性阈值进行比较，确定湿地治疗是否在环境上是安全的。该模型将基于我们以前的水生系统中污染物命运模型的工作。作为这项研究的一部分，该模型的性能将在SFU的Alcan水生研究中心的小型实验室中进行实验测试。将通过其他方式寻求进一步的现场测试的机会。这项研究还包括开发通过（BIO）转化和分区的沉积物，土壤和湿地植被的方法来测量和估计化学去除速率的方法。转化和分区都是湿地污染物环境命运的关键过程，并且仍然难以预测。为此，我们计划进一步开发和应用我们的薄膜吸附剂给药方法，以同时测量转化速率和未结合的化学部分。该方法提供了一种合适而有前途的方法，用于测量在湿地质量平衡模型中有用的植被，沉积物，土壤和水中的转化率和分区系数。最后，该研究的结果将用于提出在加拿大可行且有效且环境安全的湿地处理设计方案。 这些模型还将应用于探索自然湿地对与加拿大资源提取实践相关的长期污染投入的响应。该研究旨在通过培训和支持新一代的环境顾问，工程师和科学家来填补加拿大这项绿色技术的明显和认可的差距，他们可以在加拿大和其他国家 /地区申请和进一步开发这项技术。拟议的研究利用了我们在水生和陆地生态系统中化学污染物的环境命运和影响的影响方面的国际认可的专业知识，以及我们在测量和建模生物转化对沉积物中化学命运的影响和化学生物积累的影响方面的专业知识。