Organo-mineralization in microbial mats under extreme conditions: linking field, laboratory and metagenomics studies

极端条件下微生物垫的有机矿化：连接现场、实验室和宏基因组学研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05160
• 负责人: Dittrich, Maria
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=649358
• 关键词: Organo; mineralization; microbial; mats; under

The program here proposed will enable unprecedented, ground breaking and cross-disciplinary research on microbe-mineral interactions in microbial mats from the macroscopic to molecular levels. Microbial mats, the earth's earliest biological communities, contribute to the formation of minerals and the preservation of organic matter. Metabolic activity within these mats, and nucleation processes on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), induce and influence mineral formation ("organo-mineralization"). Previous observations of the interactions between microbes and minerals have not revealed the mechanisms of forming biogenic minerals in microbial mats. Understanding such interactions between the geo- and biosphere is crucial in environmental research. ***We will systematically study the effects of microbes, viruses, EPS and such environmental conditions as temperature, carbon dioxide, nutrient supply, and salinity, on organo-mineralization. Our goal is also to detect how nano-materials (NM) are transported through the microbial mats, and their interactions with both microbes and minerals. The three main objectives for this program of research include:***1. Identify the role of microbes, viruses and EPS in carbonate formation in microbial mats from extreme environments.***2. Clarify the possible mechanisms of carbonate formation by cyanobacteria and EPS.***3. Analyze the deposition and transport of nano-materials in microbial mats.****Combined field observations, laboratory experiments and metagenomic studies will give insight into geomicrobiological processes ranging from the molecular level to complex environmental systems. Minerals formed by microbes or their EPS contain information about their environment, opening a door to the early world. The resulting fundamental knowledge of microbe-mineral interactions is a prerequisite to reconstructing the history of microbial life on earth. The expected results will also foster the development of new technology for carbon sequestration and bio-remediation. The outcome of this program will be directly applied to help solve current problems and themes, such as how global warming and CO2 increase.****Researching the impact of emerging NM pollutants on the aquatic system will provide essential data for the risk assessment of NM, and an important scientific basis for their proper manufacturing and application. Studying the interaction of NMs and microbial mats will build understanding of the microbial role in biogeochemical processes. The results of this program will provide a solid link to a number of other fields, such as medicine, energy and electronics. Examples of potential applications include drug delivery, solar energy, electrical battery production and semi-conductor synthesis.**

该程序从宏观到分子水平的ATS和有机物的保存。揭示了在微生物垫中形成灌肠矿物质的机制。研究计划包括：***1。微生物在极端环境中的微生物垫中的病毒形成的作用。纳米材料在微生物垫中的组合。当前和主题，例如全球变暖和二氧化碳在水上系统上的可行性，提供了基本的NM风险评估，以及适当的制造和应用的重要科学基础。 MATS将在生物地球化学过程中建立对微生物的理解。半导体合成。