Advanced study of unconventional oil behaviour, innovative emergency measures to surface water oil spills: protection of water sources

非常规石油行为的高级研究，地表水溢油的创新应急措施：水源保护

• 批准号: 494284-2016
• 负责人: GalvezCloutier, Rosa
• 金额: $ 17.35万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=641971
• 关键词: Advanced; study; unconventional; oil; behaviour

The extraction of unconventional oil is growing due to the increasing scarcity of conventional oil reserves and in response to oil demands. This is true for Canada with oil sands (Dilbit from Alberta) and for the USA with light oil (Bakken from North Dakota). The increased transport of these oils by rail and pipeline has brought higher risks resulting in large accidental spills at monumental rehabilitation costs. Notably, the rupture of a pipeline that spilled Dilbit in Kalamazoo River (Michigan, 2010) and a train derailment at Lac Mégantic (Quebec, 2013) implicating Bakken oil that contaminated 190Km of the Chaudière River. These disasters placed in danger human and environmental health by contaminating fresh water sources thereby preventing the use of its ecological services as a source of drinking water, sustaining habitats and for irrigation purposes. The aftermath of these events, have emphasized the lack of preparedness of cities, government and the remediation industry to respond to unconventional oil emergencies. Indeed, due to their fundamentally different physicochemical properties (acidity, viscosity, composition, density, adherence), once spilled, unconventional oil behaves differently from traditional crudes making present response measures insufficient, ineffective and inadequate during emergency and rehabilitation actions. As independent research is critically needed to address these issues, this multidisciplinary, structured research project aims to achieve: I) the advanced physicochemical characterization of Dilbit and Bakken oils; II) the development of innovative adsorbents and oxydants; and III) the evaluation of these oil's natural attenuation and improvement of assisted biodegradation in water and sediments. The research outputs, including knowledge, tools and devices, will assist in the protection of populations and fresh water sources. An important number of HQP will be trained and join the workforce in a critically needed area. Furthermore, the results will be transferred to government, citizen associations, and industry, with and through the participation, and collaboration, of a large and diverse number of NAOs and stakeholders participating to the project.

由于常规石油储量日益稀缺，以及为了满足石油需求，非常规石油的开采正在增长，对于加拿大的油砂（来自艾伯塔省的迪尔比特）和美国的轻质油（来自北达科他州的巴肯）来说都是如此。通过铁路和管道运输这些石油的增加带来了更高的风险，导致大量的意外泄漏，造成巨大的修复成本。值得注意的是，卡拉马祖河（密歇根州）迪尔比特泄漏的管道破裂。 2010 年）以及 Lac Mégantic（魁北克，2013 年）的火车脱轨事件涉及巴肯石油污染了 Chaudière 河 190 公里。这些灾难污染了淡水源，从而阻碍了其生态服务的利用，从而危及人类和环境健康。这些事件的后果凸显了城市、政府和修复行业缺乏应对准备。事实上，由于非常规石油的物理化学性质（酸度、粘度、成分、密度、粘附性）存在根本差异，一旦发生泄漏，非常规石油的表现与传统原油不同，导致目前的应对措施在紧急情况和恢复行动中不充分、无效和不足。由于迫切需要独立研究来解决这些问题，因此这个多学科、结构化的研究项目旨在实现：I) Dilbit 和 Bakken 油的先进物理化学表征 II) 创新的开发；吸附剂和氧化剂；以及III）对这些油的自然衰减和水和沉积物中辅助生物降解的改进的评估，包括知识、工具和设备，将有助于保护人口和淡水源。总部的人员将接受培训并加入急需领域的劳动力队伍。此外，在大量不同的国家审计组织和国家机构的参与和协作下，成果将转移给政府、公民协会和行业。参与项目的利益相关者。