Advanced study of unconventional oil behaviour, innovative emergency measures to surface water oil spills: protection of water sources

非常规石油行为的高级研究，地表水溢油的创新应急措施：水源保护

• 批准号: 494284-2016
• 负责人: GalvezCloutier, Rosa
• 金额: $ 17.35万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=641971
• 关键词: Advanced; study; unconventional; oil; behaviour

The extraction of unconventional oil is growing due to the increasing scarcity of conventional oil reserves and in response to oil demands. This is true for Canada with oil sands (Dilbit from Alberta) and for the USA with light oil (Bakken from North Dakota). The increased transport of these oils by rail and pipeline has brought higher risks resulting in large accidental spills at monumental rehabilitation costs. Notably, the rupture of a pipeline that spilled Dilbit in Kalamazoo River (Michigan, 2010) and a train derailment at Lac Mégantic (Quebec, 2013) implicating Bakken oil that contaminated 190Km of the Chaudière River. These disasters placed in danger human and environmental health by contaminating fresh water sources thereby preventing the use of its ecological services as a source of drinking water, sustaining habitats and for irrigation purposes. The aftermath of these events, have emphasized the lack of preparedness of cities, government and the remediation industry to respond to unconventional oil emergencies. Indeed, due to their fundamentally different physicochemical properties (acidity, viscosity, composition, density, adherence), once spilled, unconventional oil behaves differently from traditional crudes making present response measures insufficient, ineffective and inadequate during emergency and rehabilitation actions. As independent research is critically needed to address these issues, this multidisciplinary, structured research project aims to achieve: I) the advanced physicochemical characterization of Dilbit and Bakken oils; II) the development of innovative adsorbents and oxydants; and III) the evaluation of these oil's natural attenuation and improvement of assisted biodegradation in water and sediments. The research outputs, including knowledge, tools and devices, will assist in the protection of populations and fresh water sources. An important number of HQP will be trained and join the workforce in a critically needed area. Furthermore, the results will be transferred to government, citizen associations, and industry, with and through the participation, and collaboration, of a large and diverse number of NAOs and stakeholders participating to the project.

由于常规石油储量的效率增加以及对石油需求的响应，非常规石油的提取正在增长。加拿大的油砂（来自艾伯塔省的DILBIT）和美国的轻油（来自北达科他州的Bakken）都是如此。通过铁路和管道，这些油的运输增加增加了较高的风险，导致大量意外溢出，巨大的康复成本。值得注意的是，在卡拉马祖河（Kalamazoo River）溢出的管道破裂（密歇根州，2010年），在拉克·梅加西大西洋（LacMégantic）（魁北克省，2013年）的火车出轨（2013年）含义了bakken石油，污染了Chaudière河的190公里。这些灾难是通过污染淡水来源而遭受人类和环境健康的危险，从而阻止了将其生态服务用作饮用水，维持栖息地和用于灌溉目的的来源。这些事件的后果强调，缺乏城市，政府和补救行业来应对非常规石油紧急情况的准备。的确，由于它们的根本不同的物理特性（酸度，粘度，成分，密度，依从性），一旦溢出，非常规的油与传统的碎屑的行为不同，从而使当前的反应措施在紧急情况和康复作用过程中不足，不足和不足。由于需要独立研究来解决这些问题，因此这个多学科的结构化研究项目旨在实现：i）Dilbit和Bakken油的先进物理表征； ii）创新的吸附剂和催产剂的发展； iii）评估这些油的自然衰减以及水和沉积物中辅助生物降解的改善。研究输出（包括知识，工具和设备）将有助于保护人群和淡水源。重要的HQP将受到培训，并在急需的地区加入劳动力。此外，结果将通过参与和合作的参与和合作将大量和多样化的NAOS和利益相关者参与该项目的参与和协作转移给政府，公民协会和行业。