Comprehensive Experimental and Numerical Studies of Pharmaceutical Aerosol Devices

药用气雾剂装置的综合实验和数值研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06239
• 负责人: Matida, Edgar
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=616180
• 关键词: Comprehensive; Experimental; Numerical; Studies; Pharmaceutical

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) or “puffers”, dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers are normally used in the treatment of lung diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis. Statistics from Lung Associations indicate that up to approximately 10% of the population may suffer from respiratory illnesses requiring treatment in part of their lives. Inhaler devices produce very complex turbulent flows and ideal medication delivery remains a challenging engineering problem. Considerable amounts of aerosol medication generated from the pMDIs are deposited and lost on the walls of the upper airways (mouth-throat-trachea) before reaching the target (or the lungs), resulting in considerable medication losses from a single dosage (Fink, 2000). Add-on spacers (normally cylindrical chambers) are devices that are attached to the pMDIs and will enhance the total amount of medication delivered to the lungs. Besides medication delivery to the lungs, nasal drug delivery using pharmaceutical aerosols is emerging as an important alternative for treating many conditions such as diabetes (insulin delivery), osteoporosis, and even migraine headaches. Due to complexity of the nasal cavity and differences in regional medication absorptiveness, which is also affected by the medication properties (formulation and aerosol size distribution characteristics) and fluid flow structures, the ideal nasal drug delivery remains a challenging problem. In collaboration with the Ottawa Civic Hospital, we have been developing a novel and idealized nasal cavity geometry, which is a potential candidate to be used as a standard (for aerosol deposition measurements) in the pharmaceutical field. Despite the importance and growing interest in inhaled medications, research and development of pharmaceutical aerosol devices have focused more on therapeutical effectiveness. More efficient inhalation devices will reduce side effects (like muscle cramps and sore throat) and improve patients' compliance, thus reducing duration and costs of treatment. The present proposed research aims at the better understanding of the physics involved in aerosol drug delivery systems (both lung and nasal) and the improvement of the performance of inhalation devices in terms of maximizing medication delivery, through ongoing comprehensive studies of aerosol generation, transport, and deposition inside devices themselves and mainly in extra-thoracic airways (nose-mouth-throat), using experimental analysis (aerosol deposition and fluid flow measurements) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The author also wishes to use similar approaches and expand the investigations towards the understanding (transport and extra-thoracic deposition mechanisms) and characterization of airborne allergic triggers with a focus on PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter smaller than 2.5 microns), especially nanoparticles.

加压的计量剂量遗传（PMDI）或“河豚”，干粉遗传（DPI）和雾化器通常用于治疗肺部疾病，例如哮喘和支气管炎。肺部协会的统计数据表明，大约大约10％的人口可能患有呼吸道疾病，需要在其一生中需要治疗。吸入器设备产生非常复杂的湍流，理想的药物输送仍然是一个挑战工程问题。在到达靶标（或肺部）之前，从PMDI产生的大量气溶胶药物被沉积并丢失在上呼吸道（口throat-trachea）上（肺部 - throat-trachea），从而考虑了单个剂量的因素损失（Fink，2000）。附加垫片（通常为圆柱形室）是附着在PMDIS上的设备，并将增强输送到肺部的药物总量。 除了向肺部递送药物外，使用药物气溶胶的鼻药递送是一种重要的替代方法，用于治疗许多疾病，例如糖尿病（胰岛素递送），骨质疏松症，甚至偏头痛。由于鼻腔的复杂性和区域药物吸收性的差异，这也受到药物特性（配方和气溶胶尺寸分布特征）和流体流量结构的影响，理想的鼻药递送仍然是一个挑战问题。我们与渥太华市民医院合作，我们一直在开发一种新颖且理想化的鼻腔几何形状，该几何形状是药物领域中可能被用作标准（用于气溶胶沉积测量值）的潜在候选者。 尽管对遗传药物的重要性和日益兴趣，但药物气溶胶设备的研究和开发却更多地集中在热有效性上。更有效的吸入装置将减少副作用（例如肌肉痉挛和喉咙痛）并提高患者的依从性，从而减少治疗的持续时间和成本。本提出的研究旨在更好地理解气溶胶药物输送系统（肺和鼻腔）所涉及的物理学，以及作者的改进也希望使用类似的方法，将研究扩展到对理解（运输和毛外沉积机制）的理解（运输和毛外沉积机制），并且对pm2.5（pm2.5的焦点）（颗粒较小）（颗粒较小）（颗粒）（颗粒较小）。