Oxylipins:novel sources of soybean disease tolerance against Phytophthora sojae infection

氧脂质：大豆抗大豆疫霉感染抗病性的新来源

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04464
• 负责人: Thomas, Raymond
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615076
• 关键词: Oxylipins; novel; sources; soybean; disease

Project Context: Disease tolerance is a defense strategy used by host plants to grow and produce equitable yield without displaying severe symptoms despite being infected by a pathogen. Oxylipins (oxygenated fatty acids) are among the first defense compounds produced (induced) in response to infection in a number of host pathogen relationships. There are over 200 oxylipins in existence that form part of the plant defense strategy, serving as signal molecules to induce defense responses, or function directly as antimicrobial compounds. These mode of actions indicate oxylipins could be potent biochemical sources of novel disease tolerance in specific host pathogen relationships such as the soybean Phytophthora sojae (P.sojae) pathosystem. Problem statement: Root and stem rot caused by P.sojae account for over a billion dollars in soybean crop loss worldwide. Disease management strategy currently seeks new sources of durable resistance to protect against crop losses. Previous research by us (Ranatunge et al 2008), demonstrated that tolerant soybean cultivars rapidly induced wax and suberin synthesis as part of a successful strategy to control P.sojae infection. However, it is unknown what role oxylipins play in this or other successful host defense response in this pathosystem. Hypothesis: Oxylipins play a significant role in fatty acid mediated defense response and disease tolerance in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem, and have potential uses as novel biochemical sources of disease tolerance in this pathosystem. Long term objectives: To understand the mechanisms underlying successful disease tolerance/resistance in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem. Short term objectives: Specifically, I will study the following in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem:1) plant oxylipin induction in response to host colonization and infection 2) the phytoprotective, antimicrobial or virulence effects of oxylipins during pathogenesis, 3) spatial relevance of plant and pathogen derived oxylipins to disease tolerance or pathogenicity. Methodology: Test cup inoculation methods will be used along with chromatographic, lipid imaging, vibrational spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques to determine oxylipin response following P.sojae infection in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars. Significance: The proposed research will provide novel discoveries and improve our understanding concerning oxylipin induction/metabolism in disease tolerance or pathogenesis in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem. The outcome of these findings could be used to develop novel biochemical sources of tolerance to improve the innate resistance of soybeans to root and stem rot caused by P. sojae. Development of increased P. sojae tolerance in soybeans will be an effective long term crop protection strategy beneficial in reducing billions of dollars in soybean yield losses globally to P. sojae infection.

项目环境：疾病耐受性是宿主植物使用的一种防御策略，用于生长和产生公平的产量，而不会表现出严重的症状，尽管被病原体感染。催产素（氧化脂肪酸）是在许多宿主病原体关系中响应感染而产生的（诱导）的最早的防御化合物之一。存在构成植物防御策略的一部分的200多种阿昔霉素，用作信号分子以诱导防御反应，或直接作为抗菌化合物起作用。这些作用方式表明，在特定的宿主病原体关系中，例如大豆芽孢杆菌（p.sojae）病理系统中，催产素可能是新型疾病耐受性的有效生化来源。 问题陈述：P.Sojae引起的根和茎腐病在全球大豆作物损失中占10亿美元。目前，疾病管理策略正在寻求新的耐用抵抗来源，以防止作物损失。美国先前的研究（Ranatunge等，2008年）表明，耐受的大豆品种迅速诱导蜡和链蛋白合成，这是控制P.sojae感染的成功策略的一部分。但是，尚不清楚奥甲ip蛋白在该悲伤系统中的这一或其他成功的宿主防御反应中起什么作用。 假设：氧基蛋白在脂肪酸介导的防御反应和疾病耐受性中起着重要作用，在大豆sojae病原系统中，潜在用作作为该病原系统中疾病耐受性的新生化来源。 长期目标：了解大豆P. sojae病态系统中成功的疾病耐受性/抗性的机制。 短期目的：具体来说，我将在大豆P. sojae病原系统中研究以下内容：1）植物催产素对宿主定殖和感染的响应2）植物和病原体期间的植物和病原体相关性的植物和病原体相关性对植物和病原体的病原体的植物剂与病原体的空间性或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体或病原体的病原体。 方法学：测试杯接种方法将与色谱，脂质成像，振动光谱和质谱技术一起使用，以确定易感和耐受性大豆品种的Sojae感染后的氧基脂蛋白反应。 意义：拟议的研究将提供新颖的发现，并提高我们对大豆P. sojae病原系统中疾病耐受性或发病机理中催产素诱导/代谢的理解。这些发现的结果可用于开发新型的耐受性生化来源，以提高大豆对由P. sojae引起的根和茎腐烂的先天抗性。开发大豆中索亚的耐受性提高将是一种有效的长期作物保护策略，有益于减少全球大豆收益率损失数十亿美元，从而减少索亚的感染。