Oxylipins:novel sources of soybean disease tolerance against Phytophthora sojae infection

氧脂质：大豆抗大豆疫霉感染抗病性的新来源

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04464
• 负责人: Thomas, Raymond
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=748125
• 关键词: Oxylipins; novel; sources; soybean; disease

Project Context: Disease tolerance is a defense strategy used by host plants to grow and produce equitable yield without displaying severe symptoms despite being infected by a pathogen. Oxylipins (oxygenated fatty acids) are among the first defense compounds produced (induced) in response to infection in a number of host pathogen relationships. There are over 200 oxylipins in existence that form part of the plant defense strategy, serving as signal molecules to induce defense responses, or function directly as antimicrobial compounds. These mode of actions indicate oxylipins could be potent biochemical sources of novel disease tolerance in specific host pathogen relationships such as the soybean Phytophthora sojae (P.sojae) pathosystem. Problem statement: Root and stem rot caused by P.sojae account for over a billion dollars in soybean crop loss worldwide. Disease management strategy currently seeks new sources of durable resistance to protect against crop losses. Previous research by us (Ranatunge et al 2008), demonstrated that tolerant soybean cultivars rapidly induced wax and suberin synthesis as part of a successful strategy to control P.sojae infection. However, it is unknown what role oxylipins play in this or other successful host defense response in this pathosystem. Hypothesis: Oxylipins play a significant role in fatty acid mediated defense response and disease tolerance in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem, and have potential uses as novel biochemical sources of disease tolerance in this pathosystem.Long term objectives: To understand the mechanisms underlying successful disease tolerance/resistance in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem. Short term objectives: Specifically, I will study the following in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem:1) plant oxylipin induction in response to host colonization and infection 2) the phytoprotective, antimicrobial or virulence effects of oxylipins during pathogenesis, 3) spatial relevance of plant and pathogen derived oxylipins to disease tolerance or pathogenicity. Methodology: Test cup inoculation methods will be used along with chromatographic, lipid imaging, vibrational spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques to determine oxylipin response following P.sojae infection in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars.Significance: The proposed research will provide novel discoveries and improve our understanding concerning oxylipin induction/metabolism in disease tolerance or pathogenesis in the soybean- P. sojae pathosystem. The outcome of these findings could be used to develop novel biochemical sources of tolerance to improve the innate resistance of soybeans to root and stem rot caused by P. sojae. Development of increased P. sojae tolerance in soybeans will be an effective long term crop protection strategy beneficial in reducing billions of dollars in soybean yield losses globally to P. sojae infection.

项目背景：抗病性是宿主植物用来生长和产生公平产量的一种防御策略，尽管被病原体感染，但不会表现出严重的症状。氧脂质（氧化脂肪酸）是在许多宿主病原体关系中响应感染而产生（诱导）的第一批防御化合物之一。现有 200 多种氧脂素构成植物防御策略的一部分，充当诱导防御反应的信号分子，或直接充当抗菌化合物。这些作用模式表明，氧脂素可能是特定宿主病原体关系（例如大豆疫霉（P.sojae）病理系统）中新型疾病耐受性的有效生化来源。问题陈述：由大豆疫霉引起的根腐病和茎腐病造成全球大豆作物损失超过十亿美元。疾病管理策略目前正在寻求新的持久抗性来源，以防止农作物损失。 我们之前的研究（Ranatunge et al 2008）表明，耐受性大豆品种能够快速诱导蜡和木栓质的合成，这是控制大豆青霉感染的成功策略的一部分。然而，目前尚不清楚氧脂质在这种病理系统中的这种或其他成功的宿主防御反应中发挥什么作用。假设：Oxylipins 在大豆-酱油病理系统中脂肪酸介导的防御反应和抗病性中发挥重要作用，并且具有作为该病理系统中抗病性的新生化来源的潜在用途。长期目标：了解成功的潜在机制大豆- P. sojae 病理系统的抗病性/抗性。短期目标：具体而言，我将研究大豆-酱油致病系统中的以下内容：1) 植物氧脂素对宿主定植和感染的诱导反应2) 氧脂素在发病过程中的植物保护、抗菌或毒力作用，3) 空间相关性植物和病原体衍生的氧脂素对疾病耐受性或致病性的影响。方法：测试杯接种方法将与色谱、脂质成像、振动光谱和质谱技术一起使用，以确定敏感和耐受大豆品种中大豆假单胞菌感染后的氧脂素反应。意义：拟议的研究将提供新的发现并改进我们的研究。了解大豆 P. sojae 病理系统中的抗病性或发病机制中的氧脂素诱导/代谢。这些发现的结果可用于开发新的耐受性生化来源，以提高大豆对大豆疫霉引起的根腐病和茎腐病的先天抵抗力。提高大豆对大豆疫霉的耐受性将成为一种有效的长期作物保护策略，有利于减少全球因酱疫病感染造成的数十亿美元的大豆产量损失。