Design and Evaluation of Mid-level Ontologies

中层本体的设计与评估

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05916
• 负责人: Gruninger, Michael
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611921
• 关键词: Design; Evaluation; Mid; level; Ontologies

Many applications in the domains of e-commerce, e-government, and e-science require the semantic integration of a wide variety of datasets and semantic interoperability among diverse software systems and services. Although domain ontologies have been proposed for decision support and semantic integration, a number of challenges remain: - Within the same domain, there are multiple conflicting ontologies, without a clear understanding of the metalogical relationships between them. - The design of an ontology is hindered because the intended models are difficult to characterize, and even with this characterization, the class of intended models can be difficult to axiomatize. - Weak axiomatizations of an ontology allow the existence of unintended models; this is problematic for decision support systems insofar as there will exist sentences that are entailed by all intended models of the ontology but which are not provable from the axioms. - The lack of modularization inhibits the reusability of large ontologies. The content of COLORE now allows us to address fundamental problems in ontology design and evaluation. COLORE explicitly specifies the metatheoretic relationships among ontologies, such as conservative extension, nonconservative extension, and definable interpretation. This allows one to explicitly determine common subtheories that are shared by multiple ontologies in the same domain. Furthermore, these relationships can be used to verify that the intended models of an ontology are equivalent to the models of the axiomatization, and this verification can be used to modularize the ontology. Upper ontologies such as Cyc and SUMO respond the above challenges by defining concepts which are specializations of generic concepts and generalizations of domain ontologies. Since repositories contain many generic ontologies, one possible approach is to design ontologies which are intermediate between the domain and generic ontologies. Nevertheless, there has been no formal characterization of such midlevel ontologies. To address these challenges, this project has the following objectives: 1. Specify the metalogical relationships (used in COLORE) among existing domain ontologies. 2. Design new modular midlevel ontologies by merging generic ontologies and then formally evaluate them with respect to their logical and mathematical properties. 3. Design midlevel ontologies by definitional extensions of generic ontologies. 4. Specify techniques for the modularization of domain ontologies based on their metalogical relationships. 5. Implement a software environment to support ontology design and evaluation The following domain ontologies will be in the scope of this project: GoodRelations, FIBO, Units of Measure, Date-Time Vocabulary, SCRIBE, Foundational Model of Anatomy, BioPAX, together with the various ontologies for events, addresses, and products, which are used in Semantic Web applications.

电子商务、电子政务和电子科学领域的许多应用需要各种数据集的语义集成以及不同软件系统和服务之间的语义互操作性。尽管领域本体已被提出用于决策支持和语义集成，但仍然存在许多挑战： - 在同一领域内，存在多个相互冲突的本体，而对它们之间的元逻辑关系没有清晰的理解。 - 本体的设计受到阻碍，因为预期模型难以表征，并且即使有了这种表征，预期模型的类别也可能难以公理化。 - 本体论的弱公理化允许非预期模型的存在；这对于决策支持系统来说是有问题的，因为存在以下句子： 本体论的所有预期模型都包含这些模型，但不能从公理证明。 - 缺乏模块化抑制了大型本体的可重用性。 COLORE 的内容现在使我们能够解决本体设计和评估中的基本问题。 COLORE明确规定了本体之间的元理论关系，例如保守外延、非保守外延和可定义解释。这允许人们明确地确定常见的子理论 由同一域中的多个本体共享。此外，这些关系可用于验证本体的预期模型与公理化的模型等效，并且该验证可用于对本体进行模块化。 Cyc和SUMO等上层本体通过定义概念来应对上述挑战，这些概念是通用概念的特化和领域本体的概括。由于存储库包含许多通用本体，因此一种可能的方法是设计介于领域本体和通用本体之间的本体。 然而，这种中层本体还没有正式的表征。 为了应对这些挑战，该项目有以下目标： 1. 指定现有领域本体之间的元逻辑关系（在 COLORE 中使用）。 2. 通过合并通用本体来设计新的模块化中级本体，然后根据其逻辑和数学属性对其进行正式评估。 3.通过通用本体的定义扩展来设计中层本体。 4. 根据元逻辑关系指定领域本体的模块化技术。 5. 实现支持本体设计和评估的软件环境 以下领域本体将属于该项目的范围：GoodRelations、FIBO、测量单位、日期时间词汇、SCRIBE、解剖学基础模型、BioPAX，以及事件、地址和产品的各种本体，它们是用于语义 Web 应用程序。