Ecology and evolution of young species in sympatry

同域幼苗的生态学和进化

基本信息

批准号：
355519-2013
负责人：
Martin, Paul
金额：
$ 1.97万
依托单位：
Queen's University
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595683
关键词：
Ecology evolution young species sympatry

项目摘要

Biodiversity varies dramatically across the world and Canada, and performs important functions and services for Canadians. Biodiversity forms when populations of one species diverge from one another, typically in geographic isolation (allopatry), and eventually come back into secondary contact and overlap (sympatry), augmenting local and regional biodiversity. The focus of our research is secondary sympatry - how do young species live together, and how do they influence each other's ecology and evolution? An answer to these questions is important - we must understand how biodiversity forms and is maintained if we are to protect it. The specific objective of the proposed research is to test the consequences of secondary contact and sympatry among young species for traits involved in (I) species recognition and (II) ecology. We use birds to address these questions because the distribution, taxonomy, and evolutionary relationships of birds are better known than any other group. (I) Species Recognition Traits - Our previous work documented greater divergence in traits involved in species recognition (colour patterns and songs) when closely related species of birds live in sympatry. We propose to test among alternative hypotheses to explain this pattern (hybridization, aggression, signal interference, indirect selection through ecological traits) using comparative and experimental studies. (II) Ecological Traits - Our previous work on the ecology of young species suggests that closely related birds initially use similar habitats and overlap breeding territories, and then subsequently diverge in habitat use. We will test the Character Displacement Hypothesis to explain habitat divergence, using experiments to examine fitness costs and selective pressures acting on pairs of young species that live together, representing three distinct families of songbirds. Together, our research will test the importance of interactions among young species during the formation of biodiversity, providing important insights into how and how often closely related species influence each others' ecology and evolution, and, more broadly, how interactions among closely related species promote or constrain local biodiversity.

生物多样性在世界和加拿大各不相同，并为加拿大人执行重要的功能和服务。当一个物种的种群彼此不同时，生物多样性通常是在地理隔离（同种异体）中，并最终又回到次要接触和重叠（同胞）中，增强了局部和区域生物多样性。我们研究的重点是次要的伴奏 - 年轻物种如何生活在一起，它们如何影响彼此的生态学和进化？对这些问题的答案很重要 - 我们必须了解生物多样性形式并在保护问题上如何保持。拟议研究的具体目标是测试年轻物种之间次级接触和同伴的后果，以涉及（i）物种识别和（ii）生态学的特征。我们使用鸟类来解决这些问题，因为鸟类的分布，分类学和进化关系比其他任何群体都更为知名。（i）物种识别特征 - 当与物种识别（颜色模式和歌曲）涉及的特征中，我们以前的作品有更大的差异。我们建议使用比较和实验研究来解释这种模式（通过生态特征进行杂交，攻击性，信号干扰，间接选择）来检验。（ii）生态特征 - 我们先前关于年轻物种生态学的工作表明，密切相关的鸟类最初使用类似的栖息地和重叠的繁殖领土，然后随后在栖息地使用方面有所不同。我们将使用实验来检验栖息地的差异，以解释栖息地的差异，以检查适应性成本和作用于同时生活的年轻物种的选择性压力，代表了三个不同的鸣禽家庭。我们的研究将共同测试年轻物种在生物多样性形成期间之间相互作用的重要性，提供有关如何和频率紧密相关物种影响彼此的生态学和进化的重要见解，更广泛地，紧密相关的物种之间的相互作用如何促进或限制局部生物多样性。