Astrophysical (Magneto-Hydrodynamic) Jets and Astrophysical Quark Matter.

天体物理（磁流体动力学）喷流和天体物理夸克物质。

• 批准号: 261428-2013
• 负责人: Ouyed, Rachid
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=594557
• 关键词: Astrophysical; Magneto; Hydrodynamic; Jets; Quark

ASTROPHYSICAL JETS: These are long, highly collimated flows, with two back-to-back jets streaming away from their central source/object. They are seen in newly born stars, compact objects (like black holes or micro-quasars), active galactic nuclei, and are associated to gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic events in the Universe. Despite their different physical scales, jets have strong morphological similarities, but questions like - what physics do they share? - or - can we find a universal mechanism of acceleration and collimation that operates in all scales? - remain a matter of debate. We employ high-performance computational studies (in 3 Dimensions) of jets from young stars carried out to unprecedented resolution and simulation scales of hundreds of Astronomical Units -- allowing for the first time a one-to-one comparison to Hubble Space Telescope observations of jets. Our goal is to study their ejection, acceleration mechanisms using the codes and visualizations tools we built and, to confront models of jets against observed jet properties. Ultimately, this work could lead to an understanding of the physics of jets and their role in the formation of stars and galaxies. QUARK MATTER/STARS IN THE UNIVERSE: Quarks&Gluons are the underlying degrees of freedom for baryonic matter, but ordinarily remain hidden from us in the composite form of hadrons, requiring extreme temperature or pressure to liberate them -- forming the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma. In our current Universe, quarks appear only in groups known as hadrons, but nature might produce this Quark-Gluon soup at the centers of ultra-dense stars such as neutron stars offering us a natural laboratory to study how nuclei-free quarks can form. We developed the BURN-UD code (a first if its kind) which captures the intricate details of how neutrons inside heavy neutron stars turn into quarks as they are squeezed by the extreme force of gravity. We discovered solutions where this transition occurs in an explosive manner with unique signatures; a phenomenon we called a QUARK-NOVA which might have serious implications to astrophysics. We plan to search for the predicted signatures and continue to improve our treatment of the physics of the explosion.

天体物理喷头：这些是长，高度准直的流动，两个背对背的喷气机从中央源/对象流出。它们在新生的恒星，紧凑的物体（例如黑洞或微分射），活性银河核中看到，并且与伽马射线爆发是宇宙中最有活力的事件。尽管它们的身体尺度不同，但喷气机具有强烈的形态学相似性，但是类似的问题 - 它们共享什么物理学？ - 或 - 我们可以找到在各个尺度上运作的加速度和准确性的通用机制吗？ - 仍然是辩论的问题。我们采用了从年轻恒星到前所未有的分辨率和数百个天文单元的模拟量表的高性能计算研究（3个维度），这首先允许与Hubble空间望远镜观察的一对一比较。我们的目标是使用我们构建的代码和可视化工具来研究其弹出率，加速机制，并与观察到的喷气性能对抗喷气机的模型。最终，这项工作可能会导致对喷气机的物理学及其在恒星和星系形成中的作用的理解。宇宙中的夸克物质/恒星：夸克和胶子是重型物质的基本自由度，但通常以黑龙的复合形式隐藏了我们，需要极高的温度或压力来释放它们 - 形成所谓的夸克 - 格洛隆等离子体。在我们当前的宇宙中，夸克仅出现在称为Hadrons的基团中，但是自然可能会在超密集的恒星中心产生这种夸克 - 糖汤，例​​如中子星，为我们提供了一个自然实验室，以研究如何形成无核夸克。我们开发了Burn-ud代码（第一个（如果是同类）），该代码捕获了沉重中子星体中的中子在被极端的重力挤压时变成夸克的错综复杂的细节。我们发现了这种过渡以爆炸性的方式进行的解决方案，并具有独特的签名。我们称之为夸克诺瓦的现象可能对天体物理学有严重影响。我们计划搜索预测的签名，并继续改善对爆炸物理学的治疗。