Human spatial memory

人类空间记忆

基本信息

批准号：
355909-2010
负责人：
Mou, Weimin
金额：
$ 1.97万
依托单位：
University of Alberta
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=549864
关键词：
Human spatial memory

项目摘要

The general objective of my research program has been to increase our understanding of how people represent spatial relations in memory and how people use spatial memory for orientation and reorientation. I propose three lines of research to investigate (1) how people select spatial reference directions for spatial structures experienced from multiple viewpoints, (2) what is the role of spatial reference direction in orienting to environments during locomotion, and (3) what is the role of environment features and spatial reference direction in reorienting to environment after disorientation. My previous research showed that when people learned a layout of objects from a single viewpoint, they tended to represent objects' locations with respect to an allocentric reference direction inside the layout. I intend to ask whether that will still happen when people sequentially learn the location of each object by walking on several segmented paths with changing viewpoints. Several studies in the literature showed that recognizing novel views in scenes was more accurate when the novel test view was caused by observer locomotion than when it was caused by scene rotation and indicated that people update egocentric spatial representations during locomotion. In the proposed research, I will demonstrate that people update with respect to an allocentric reference direction during locomotion. Previous research showed that when participants learned a layout of irregularly placed objects, their pointing consistency across objects decreased after disorientation. In the proposed research, I will examine what environmental features (e.g., connection, regularity) and reorientation cues (e.g., indication of the facing object or original learning direction) can remove the disorientation effect. The proposed research will elaborate and constrain theoretical models of spatial memory, both my own and those of others. It should also help our understanding the roles of the reference direction, viewpoint change, and locomotion in recognizing scenes, shapes, and objects. Hence, the findings should be informative in forming a universal model of visual processing in 3D environments.

我的研究项目的总体目标是加深我们对人们如何在记忆中表示空间关系以及人们如何使用空间记忆进行定向和重新定向的理解。我提出了三个研究方向来调查（1）人们如何为从多个角度体验的空间结构选择空间参考方向，（2）空间参考方向在运动过程中定向环境中的作用是什么，以及（3）什么是空间参考方向？环境特征和空间参考方向在迷失方向后重新适应环境中的作用。我之前的研究表明，当人们从单一视点学习对象布局时，他们倾向于相对于布局内的异中心参考方向来表示对象的位置。我想问的是，当人们通过在多条分段路径上行走并改变视角来依次了解每个物体的位置时，这种情况是否还会发生。文献中的几项研究表明，当新的测试视图由观察者运动引起时，识别场景中的新视图比由场景旋转引起时更准确，并表明人们在运动过程中更新以自我为中心的空间表征。在拟议的研究中，我将证明人们在运动过程中会根据非中心参考方向进行更新。先前的研究表明，当参与者学习不规则放置的物体的布局时，他们在迷失方向后对物体的指向一致性会下降。在拟议的研究中，我将研究哪些环境特征（例如，联系、规律性）和重新定向线索（例如，所面对的物体或原始学习方向的指示）可以消除定向障碍效应。拟议的研究将详细阐述和约束我自己和其他人的空间记忆的理论模型。它还应该有助于我们理解参考方向、视点变化和运动在识别场景、形状和物体中的作用。因此，这些发现对于形成 3D 环境中视觉处理的通用模型应该具有参考价值。