Viral evolution of the fish orthomyxovirus isavirus

鱼正粘病毒 isavirus 的病毒进化

• 批准号: 46368-2011
• 负责人: Kibenge, Frederick
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Prince Edward Island
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=545008
• 关键词: Viral; evolution; fish; orthomyxovirus; isavirus

Aquaculture is the world's fastest growing food production sector, sustaining an annual growth rate of 8.8% since 1970 and providing an acceptable supplement to and substitute for wild fish. Aquaculture will continue to be of crucial importance in feeding the world's growing human population. However, the intensification of fish farming and increased densities involves substantial fish stress which facilitates diseases. The spread of diseases is the most feared threat to aquaculture. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is the most important viral disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. ISA virus (ISAV) is now endemic in fish populations in the different salmon farming regions. The genetic features that account for the emergence, virulence and persistence of ISAV are not well studied. Understanding the evolution of ISAV in farmed fish is important for surveillance and vaccine strain selection and design. Moreover, the limited knowledge about the fish resistance mechanisms makes development of mitigating biological molecules (vaccines and antiviral drugs) challenging. The long-term goal of the proposed research program is to gain a detailed molecular understanding of how ISAV is evolving in the fish host to generate variant HPR0 virus (so called for having no deletion in its surface envelope glycoprotein haemagglutinin-esterase) and its precise mechanisms of pathogenesis. The main objectives of this research program are: (1) to study the genetic diversity of the different ISAV genes during replication in permissive fish cell lines, and investigate the capacity for genetic recombination and reassortment in ISAV; (2) to identify cell-specific antiviral genes and elucidate their mode of action; and (3) to develop mitigating biological molecules (vaccines and antiviral drugs) against ISAV. The proposed studies will advance our understanding of the evolution of virus-cell and virus-host interactions of ISAV. The outcomes of this research will not only have important practical applications for the aquaculture industry, but will also continue to be of significant topical virological interest since ISAV is the only known poikilothermic orthomyxovirus.

水产养殖是世界上增长最快的粮食生产部门，自1970年以来的年增长率为8.8％，并为野生鱼提供了可接受的补充。水产养殖对于养活世界不断增长的人口将继续至关重要。但是，养鱼和密度增加的加剧涉及促进疾病的大量鱼类胁迫。疾病的传播是对水产养殖的最担心威胁。传染性鲑鱼贫血（ISA）是海洋养殖大西洋鲑鱼的最重要病毒疾病。 ISA病毒（ISAV）现在在不同鲑鱼养殖地区的鱼类种群中流行。研究ISAV的出现，毒力和持久性的遗传特征尚未得到很好的研究。了解养殖鱼类ISAV的演变对于监视和疫苗菌株的选择和设计非常重要。此外，对鱼类耐药机制的有限知识使减轻生物分子（疫苗和抗病毒药物）的发展具有挑战性。拟议的研究计划的长期目标是获得对ISAV在鱼宿主中如何发展的详细分子理解，以生成变异的HPR0病毒（因此被要求在其表面包膜中没有缺失的糖蛋白糖蛋白血凝蛋白 - 凝集素 - 酯酶及其精确的病原体机制。该研究计划的主要目标是：（1）研究允许鱼类细胞系复制过程中不同ISAV基因的遗传多样性，并研究ISAV中遗传重组和重新分类的能力； （2）鉴定细胞特异性抗病毒基因并阐明其作用方式； （3）针对ISAV开发缓解生物分子（疫苗和抗病毒药物）。拟议的研究将提高我们对ISAV病毒细胞和病毒宿主相互作用的演变的理解。这项研究的结果不仅将在水产养殖行业中具有重要的实际应用，而且还将继续引起重大的局部病毒学兴趣，因为ISAV是唯一已知的poikilothermothermotic orthomyxovirus。