Viral evolution of the fish orthomyxovirus isavirus

鱼正粘病毒 isavirus 的病毒进化

• 批准号: 46368-2011
• 负责人: Kibenge, Frederick
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Prince Edward Island
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=521758
• 关键词: Viral; evolution; fish; orthomyxovirus; isavirus

Aquaculture is the world's fastest growing food production sector, sustaining an annual growth rate of 8.8% since 1970 and providing an acceptable supplement to and substitute for wild fish. Aquaculture will continue to be of crucial importance in feeding the world's growing human population. However, the intensification of fish farming and increased densities involves substantial fish stress which facilitates diseases. The spread of diseases is the most feared threat to aquaculture. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is the most important viral disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. ISA virus (ISAV) is now endemic in fish populations in the different salmon farming regions. The genetic features that account for the emergence, virulence and persistence of ISAV are not well studied. Understanding the evolution of ISAV in farmed fish is important for surveillance and vaccine strain selection and design. Moreover, the limited knowledge about the fish resistance mechanisms makes development of mitigating biological molecules (vaccines and antiviral drugs) challenging. The long-term goal of the proposed research program is to gain a detailed molecular understanding of how ISAV is evolving in the fish host to generate variant HPR0 virus (so called for having no deletion in its surface envelope glycoprotein haemagglutinin-esterase) and its precise mechanisms of pathogenesis. The main objectives of this research program are: (1) to study the genetic diversity of the different ISAV genes during replication in permissive fish cell lines, and investigate the capacity for genetic recombination and reassortment in ISAV; (2) to identify cell-specific antiviral genes and elucidate their mode of action; and (3) to develop mitigating biological molecules (vaccines and antiviral drugs) against ISAV. The proposed studies will advance our understanding of the evolution of virus-cell and virus-host interactions of ISAV. The outcomes of this research will not only have important practical applications for the aquaculture industry, but will also continue to be of significant topical virological interest since ISAV is the only known poikilothermic orthomyxovirus.

水产养殖是世界上增长最快的粮食生产部门，自1970年以来每年保持8.8%的增长率，为野生鱼类提供了可接受的补充和替代品。水产养殖对于养活世界不断增长的人口将继续发挥至关重要的作用。然而，鱼类养殖的集约化和密度的增加给鱼类带来了巨大的压力，从而促进了疾病的发生。疾病传播是水产养殖最可怕的威胁。传染性鲑鱼贫血症（ISA）是海水养殖大西洋鲑鱼最重要的病毒性疾病。 ISA 病毒 (ISAV) 目前在不同鲑鱼养殖区的鱼类种群中流行。导致 ISAV 出现、毒力和持久性的遗传特征尚未得到充分研究。了解 ISAV 在养殖鱼类中的进化对于监测以及疫苗株的选择和设计非常重要。此外，对鱼类抵抗机制的了解有限，使得缓解生物分子（疫苗和抗病毒药物）的开发具有挑战性。拟议研究计划的长期目标是详细了解 ISAV 如何在鱼类宿主中进化以产生变种 HPR0 病毒（所谓的表面包膜糖蛋白血凝素酯酶没有缺失）及其精确的发病机制。本研究项目的主要目标是：（1）研究不同ISAV基因在允许鱼类细胞系中复制过程中的遗传多样性，并研究ISAV基因重组和重配的能力； (2) 鉴定细胞特异性抗病毒基因并阐明其作用方式； (3) 开发针对 ISAV 的缓解生物分子（疫苗和抗病毒药物）。拟议的研究将增进我们对 ISAV 病毒-细胞和病毒-宿主相互作用进化的理解。这项研究的成果不仅对水产养殖业具有重要的实际应用，而且还将继续具有重要的局部病毒学意义，因为 ISAV 是唯一已知的变温正粘病毒。