Manipulable objects and the dynamic representation of hand actions

可操纵的物体和手部动作的动态表示

• 批准号: 184232-2008
• 负责人: Bub, Daniel
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=476526
• 关键词: Manipulable; objects; dynamic; representation; hand

Motor representations form part of our knowledge of everyday objects like calculators and spray-cans. There is increasing evidence that such representations, determining our ability to hold and use manipulable objects, are invoked dynamically during language and perceptual tasks. For example, spatial attention is modulated in unexpected ways when observers view graspable objects. The computational role played by higher level motor systems in cognition is therefore of fundamental interest, as is the nature of the processes that determine a particular hand representation in a given task context. Any manipulable object affords a range of familiar actions. For example, we learn to pick up or move a pocket calculator with an inverted open grasp, but we learn to use it according to its conventional function by poking the keys with an extended forefinger. I therefore distinguish between volumetric grasps, having to do with the shape and weight properties of an object for lifting or moving, and functional grasps, those hand interactions evoked when we wish to carry out an object's function. I have developed a novel experimental method to assess the evocation of specific hand action representations to words, objects or sentences in real time. This approach requires subjects to carry out speeded reach and grasp actions on an eight-element response apparatus. Each element affords a unique action and subjects learn to produce a given manual action in response to a visual cue. We then measure the influence of an object, word or sentence (a priming event) on reach and grasp performance, time-locked to the visual cue, yielding evidence on the nature and time course of the motor representations evoked by the priming event. I describe a series of experiments designed to assess the time course of functional and volumetric grasp representations for pictures and words. In addition, I wish to assess the role of hand action representations in spatial attention to manipulable objects. This research provides valuable convergent methods that will clarify evidence available from functional imaging research and from neuropsychology.

电机表示构成了我们对日常物体（例如计算器和喷雾）的了解的一部分。 有越来越多的证据表明，在语言和感知任务期间，在语言和感知任务期间动态调用这种表示，确定我们保持和使用可操纵对象的能力。 例如，当观察者查看可抓取的对象时，空间注意力会以意想不到的方式调节。 因此，高级运动系统在认知中扮演的计算作用是基本的兴趣，而在给定的任务上下文中确定特定手表示的过程的性质也是如此。 任何可操纵的对象都提供一系列熟悉的动作。 例如，我们学会了用倒开的抓握抓取或移动口袋计算器，但是我们通过用扩展的食指戳钥匙来学会根据其常规功能使用它。 因此，我区分了体积的grasps，与对象的形状和重量属性有关以提起或移动的形状和权重，以及功能性的抓取，当我们希望执行对象函数时，那些手动相互作用就会引起。 我开发了一种新型的实验方法，可以实时评估特定的手动作表示对单词，对象或句子的唤起。 这种方法要求受试者对八元素响应设备进行快速覆盖范围并掌握动作。 每个元素都提供了独特的动作，并且受试者学会根据视觉提示产生给定的手动动作。 然后，我们测量对象，单词或句子（启动事件）对触及性能的影响，并掌握到视觉提示中，从而产生了有关启动事件引起的运动表示的性质和时间过程的证据。 我描述了一系列实验，旨在评估图片和单词的功能和体积掌握表示的时间过程。 此外，我希望评估手动表征在空间关注可操作对象中的作用。 这项研究提供了有价值的收敛方法，这些方法将阐明功能成像研究和神经心理学的证据。