Eyetracker for language & concepts research group

语言眼动仪

• 批准号: 390456-2010
• 负责人: McRae, Kenneth
• 金额: $ 3.96万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=443196
• 关键词: Eyetracker; language; concepts; research; group

The goals of this proposal are to get a better grasp on how people understand language, and how they are able to acquire the concepts and categories that enable them to function in today's world. Focusing first on language, developing clear ideas or theories regarding how people understand the language that they read or hear is an important part of discovering how the mind and brain work. To understand how people process language requires getting a firm handle on what they are doing moment-to-moment. One of the best ways to do so is to track precisely where people's eyes are fixating as they read (that is, what words or letters they are looking at, and how long they look at them). Another way is to present objects or scenes that are relevant to the language that people are hearing, and then to monitor precisely what people are looking at as they listen to speech. Clever manipulations of scenes and language can uncover the degree to which people's understanding of speech lags behind the speech, or actually anticipates what might be spoken next. Furthermore, errors that people make, for example, looking at an object that is irrelevant to the spoken message, can reveal sources of language problems. Therefore, one goal of this NSERC equipment grant is to purchase an eyetracker that will allow us to monitor the fixations of normal children, adults, and children with dyslexia as they process language. The results of the experiments using this eyetracker will help in developing theories of language processing, as well as developing better therapies for those with language difficulties. In terms of concepts and categories, both vision and language are important aspects of people's ability to form categories such as "dogs" or "vehicles". Categories allow us to recognize things in our world, and to respond to them appropriately. Eyetracking can reveal moment-to-moment aspects of precisely what children and adults are doing when they are acquiring the knowledge necessary for categorization. Therefore, the second goal of this proposal grant is to use the eyetracker to obtain a more precise characterization of how people use both verbal and visual information while they acquire and use categories.

该提案的目标是更好地了解人们如何理解语言，以及他们如何获得使他们能够在当今世界发挥作用的概念和类别。首先关注语言，就人们如何理解他们读到或听到的语言形成清晰的想法或理论，是发现思想和大脑如何运作的重要组成部分。要了解人们如何处理语言，需要牢牢掌握他们每时每刻所做的事情。最好的方法之一是精确跟踪人们阅读时眼睛注视的位置（即他们正在看什么单词或字母，以及他们看它们的时间）。另一种方法是呈现与人们所听到的语言相关的物体或场景，然后精确监控人们在听语音时所看到的内容。对场景和语言的巧妙操纵可以揭示人们对演讲的理解落后于演讲的程度，或者实际上预测接下来可能说的话。此外，人们犯的错误，例如看与口头信息无关的物体，可以揭示语言问题的根源。因此，NSERC 设备拨款的一个目标是购买一台眼球追踪器，使我们能够监测正常儿童、成人和患有阅读障碍的儿童在处理语言时的注视情况。使用这种眼球追踪器的实验结果将有助于发展语言处理理论，并为有语言困难的人开发更好的疗法。在概念和类别方面，视觉和语言都是人们形成“狗”或“车辆”等类别能力的重要方面。类别使我们能够识别世界上的事物，并对其做出适当的反应。眼球追踪可以准确揭示儿童和成人在获取分类所需知识时所做的事情。因此，该提案的第二个目标是使用眼动仪来更准确地描述人们在获取和使用类别时如何使用口头和视觉信息。