Reduction of pesticides through the use of composts for sustainable production of strawberries

通过使用堆肥减少农药的使用，实现草莓的可持续生产

基本信息

批准号：
355005-2007
负责人：
Tweddell, Russell
金额：
$ 3.79万
依托单位：
Université Laval
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Collaborative Research and Development Grants
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=402387
关键词：
Reduction pesticides through use composts

项目摘要

Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) is an important disease affecting strawberry production in Canada for which the current methods of control are limited to the use of fumigants. Fumigation represents numerous inconveniences that are not conducive to sustainable agriculture. Indeed, fumigation is an expensive practice involving the use of toxic active ingredients that have negative environmental and social impacts. Moreover, the use of fumigants will not only eradicate the target pathogen but also benefic soilborne microorganisms. This creates a microbiological void in which different pathogens including V. dahliae can more readily occupy the ecological niche and cause more devastating infections of the strawberry plants. The application of composts could provide an efficient method to significantly reduce or completely replace the use of synthetic fumigants. The use of composts following fumigation would restore the microbiological void created by the application of fumigants and could therefore result in an environment less conducive to high infection by V. dahliae. As part of ongoing research aimed at developing environmentally-safe and sustainable strategies for the control of plant diseases, the present project will focus on the following objectives: (i) to determine the effect of compost types, doses and period of application on the development of strawberry verticillium wilt under greenhouse and commercial growing conditions, (ii) to investigate the potential role of compost/substrate physico-chemical and microbiological properties in the inhibition of strawberry verticillium wilt, and (iii) to recommend a control strategy for verticillium wilt of strawberries including the appropriate doses and periods of application of composts alone or in combination with reduced applications of fumigants. Expected benefits of the proposed project include a rapid transfer of the results of the study to the horticulture industry considering the familiarity of growers with the use of composts and the fact that the horticulture industry and governments have recognized the physiological and nutritional benefits of composts towards plants.

枯萎病（Verticillium dahliae）是一种重要的疾病，影响了加拿大草莓生产，目前的控制方法仅限于使用熏蒸剂。熏蒸代表了许多不利于可持续农业的不便。确实，熏蒸是一种昂贵的做法，涉及使用具有负面环境和社会影响的有毒活性成分。此外，使用熏蒸剂不仅可以消除目标病原体，还可以消除有益的土壤生物微生物。这产生了微生物空隙，其中包括大丽花在内的不同病原体可以更容易地占据生态位，并引起草莓植物的更具毁灭性的感染。堆肥的应用可以提供有效的方法，以显着减少或完全替代合成烟熏剂的使用。熏蒸后的堆肥使用将恢复烟雾剂的应用产生的微生物空隙，因此可能导致环境不太有利于大乳杆菌的高感染。作为正在进行的研究的一部分，旨在开发控制植物疾病的环境安全和可持续的策略，本项目将重点介绍以下目标：（i）确定堆肥类型，剂量和适用期限对草莓verticillium wilt的发展的影响，在温室和商业生长条件下的发展，（ii）研究构成构图的潜在作用，并研究草图的潜在作用，并在草率的物理学物理学中的潜在作用。 Verticillium wilt和（iii）为草莓的枯萎病枯萎病的控制策略，包括单独堆肥的适当剂量和应用时期，或与减少的烟雾剂的应用相结合。拟议项目的预期好处包括，考虑到种植者使用堆肥的熟悉程度，该研究结果将研究结果迅速转移给园艺行业，以及园艺行业和政府已经认识到堆肥对植物的生理和营养益处的事实。