Effect of green solvents on chemical reactions and material formation: characterization of transient intermediates

绿色溶剂对化学反应和材料形成的影响：瞬态中间体的表征

• 批准号: 326989-2006
• 负责人: Ghandi, Khashayar
• 金额: $ 2.12万
• 依托单位: Mount Allison University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=397516
• 关键词: Effect; green; solvents; chemical; reactions

To design optimum conditions for industrially relevant chemical processes, to have the minimum effect on environment, we need to measure the rate of reaction of many reactive intermediates in novel environmentally friendly solvents. This is a goal of our studies. By focusing on the fundamental knowledge we will pave the way for technological developments in applications of green solvents. The reactive intermediates (in chemical reactions) react so fast that conventional chemistry tools cannot probe them. This is part of the reason that we carry out many of our experiments at two major facilities TRIUMF national laboratory in Canada and Rutherford Appleton laboratory in the UK (two of the only three present comparable laboratories in the world). The two most important classes of green solvents are supercritical fluids and ionic liquids. Ionic liquids, like table salt are made of charged fragments. Salts dissolve in water, but need severe heating to melt them. For example common table salt melts at a very hot 806 C. Ionic liquids have the similar properties to table salt but are liquid at close to room temperature! A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance above its critical point. The critical point represents the highest temperature and pressure at which the substance can exist as a vapour and liquid in equilibrium. The supercritical conditions may be as extreme as a few hundred atmosphere of pressure and as high temperature as 500 C. Probing reaction intermediates under such extreme conditions needs extraordinary equipments not available in most laboratories. We probe reactive intermediates in ionic liquids and under these extreme conditions of supercritical fluids. We use the microscopic information on reactive intermediates from our TRIUMF experiments to design environmentally friendly chemical processes in our laboratory at Mount Allison University. In particular we will prepare chemical compounds and materials, in supercritical fluids.

为了设计针对工业相关的化学过程的最佳条件，为了对环境产生最小影响，我们需要测量新型环保溶剂中许多反应性中间体的反应速率。这是我们学习的目标。通过关注基本知识，我们将为绿色溶剂应用中的技术发展铺平道路。反应性中间体（在化学反应中）反应得如此之快，以至于传统的化学工具无法探测它们。这是我们在加拿大的两个主要设施凯旋国家实验室和英国卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室（世界上仅有的两个目前在世界上仅有的可比实验室中的两个）进行许多实验的部分原因。两种最重要的绿色溶剂是超临界液和离子液体。离子液体（例如奶盐）是由带电碎片制成的。盐溶于水中，但需要严重的加热才能融化它们。例如，在非常热的806 C上融化的常见桌子盐融化。离子液体具有与餐盐相似的特性，但在接近室温下的液体！超临界流体定义为高于其临界点的物质。临界点表示该物质可以作为蒸气和液体平衡而存在的最高温度和压力。超临界条件可能与几百个压力大气一样极端，高温与500 C.探测反应中间体在这种极端条件下需要大多数实验室中不可用的特殊设备。我们探测离子液体中的反应性中间体，在超临界流体的这些极端条件下。我们使用有关反应性中间体的微观信息，从我们的Triumf实验中进行设计，以在我们在艾莉森山大学的实验室中设计环保的化学过程。特别是我们将在超临界流体中制备化学化合物和材料。