Sensing, identification, fault detection and diagnosis, and performance recovery of systems

系统的感知、识别、故障检测与诊断、性能恢复

• 批准号: 5542-2006
• 负责人: Sassani, Farrokh
• 金额: $ 1.24万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=389161
• 关键词: Sensing; identification; fault; detection; diagnosis

Wear, design flaws, and external influences and disturbances, such as overload, cause gradual deterioration in many systems, which can lead to inferior performance and/or catastrophic failure. Satisfactory control and monitoring of a system require accurate information about both the system and its individual components, and operational characteristics. Comprehensive information is often not readily available, particularly when the system is in operation. In addition, since equipment/machinery manufacturers do not generally foresee a need to determine and supply such information, they do not provide a built-in means to extract such data in the future. Over the past several years the applicant has been engaged in online system/parameter identification, fault detection, isolation and recovery. Systems modeling and simulation including such techniques as neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and wavelet analysis have been successfully explored and used.  Specific platforms (or fault cases) currently under study and of future interest are "knock", or the autoignition phenomenon in internal combustion engines, and actuator and sensor failure detection in spacecraft. In the case of knocks, in addition to causing inefficient operation and pollution, they also create pressures and forces above the design specifications, which could lead to mechanical damage and failure. We have successfully used wavelet transform, as a method of processing unsteady signals, in engine fault detection. We are proposing to develop complementary analysis tools to improve accuracy and the fault detection rate and extend the current results from single cylinder cases to more practical multi-cylinder applications. In the case of spacecraft actuator/senor failures, we are developing techniques for single and multiple component failures detection and devising schemes for system reconfiguration and recovery. We will examine new software/control and hardware redundancies with emphasis on optimal spatial placement of actuators and sensors in the spacecraft to improve the global first-level fail-safe characteristics of the system for robust recovery.

磨损，设计缺陷以及外部影响和灾难（例如过载）在许多系统中导致等级的定义，从而导致性能较低和/或灾难性失败。对系统的满意控制和监视需要有关系统及其各个组件以及操作特征的准确信息。综合信息通常不容易获得，尤其是在系统运行时。此外，由于设备/机械制造商通常不希望确定和提供此类信息，因此他们将来没有提供内置手段来提取此类数据。在过去的几年中，适用的人参与了在线系统/参数识别，故障检测，隔离和恢复。系统建模和模拟包括神经网络，模糊逻辑，遗传算法和小波分析等技术。当前正在研究和未来感兴趣的特定平台（或断层案例）是“敲门”，或内部组合发动机中的自动登记现象，以及航天器中的执行器和传感器故障检测。在敲击的情况下，除了引起无效的操作和污染外，它们还在设计规格上方产生压力和力，这可能导致机械损坏和故障。在发动机故障检测中，我们成功地使用了小波变换，作为处理不稳定信号的一种方法。我们建议开发完整的分析工具，以提高准确性和故障检测率，并将当前的结果从单缸案例扩展到更实用的多缸应用。在航天器执行器/senor失败的情况下，我们正在开发针对单个和多组件故障检测的技术，并设计了用于系统重新配置和恢复的方案。我们将检查新的软件/控制和硬件冗余，重点是对飞船中执行器和传感器的最佳空间放置，以改善系统系统以恢复系统的全局一级故障特性。