Models of chemical fate in the environment

环境中化学归宿模型

• 批准号: 4521-2007
• 负责人: Mackay, Donald
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363257
• 关键词: Models; chemical; fate; environment

Modern society benefits from the use of a large number of chemicals including petroleum and petroleum by-products, solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and fire retardants. Most are relatively innocuous and pose no threat to the health of humans or the environment on which we depend. Some, however, are problematic in that they may persist for long periods of time (e.g. PCBs), they may accumulate in organisms such as fish and birds (e.g. DDT), they may be very toxic (e.g. dioxins) and they may be transported long distances to polar regions (e.g., HCB). Rather than wait for problems to emerge (by which time it may be too late!) it is preferable to be proactive and identify problem chemicals before they contaminate the environment and cause adverse effects. The best way to accomplish this is to use mathematical models to predict how these chemicals will behave in the environment and what risk they may pose to the ecosystem.The purpose of this research project is to develop such models, test them to ensure reliability by comparing their predictions against actual observations, and to disseminate them to the user-community. This has been and continues to be the focus of the Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre at Trent University. The Centre currently disseminates models via the internet at a rate of about 500 per month to nearly 40 countries.More specifically, this project will focus on four areas. The first is chemical fate in regional environments (e.g. a Canadian province) including soils, water, sediments, and air, and exposure and risks to flora, and fauna including humans. Second is the fate of pesticides that may cause contamination of food and off-site locations. Third is indoor environments which are important because much time is spent indoors under conditions of restricted ventilation. Finally are models that will assess if a chemical is likely to be transported long distances, especially to the Canadian Arctic.

现代社会受益于大量化学品的使用，包括石油和石油副产品、溶剂、农药、药品和阻燃剂。大多数相对无害，不会对人类健康或我们赖以生存的环境构成威胁。然而，有些存在问题，因为它们可能会长期存在（例如多氯联苯），它们可能会在鱼和鸟类等生物体中积累（例如滴滴涕），它们可能具有剧毒（例如二恶英）并且可能会被运输到极地地区的长距离（例如 HCB）。与其等待问题出现（那时可能为时已晚！），不如主动出击，在问题化学品污染环境并造成不利影响之前识别它们。实现这一目标的最佳方法是使用数学模型来预测这些化学物质在环境中的表现以及它们可能对生态系统造成的风险。该研究项目的目的是开发此类模型，通过比较来测试它们以确保可靠性他们根据实际观察进行预测，并将其传播给用户社区。这一直是并将继续成为特伦特大学加拿大环境建模中心的重点。该中心目前通过互联网以每月约500个的速度向近40个国家传播模型。更具体地说，该项目将重点关注四个领域。第一个是区域环境（例如加拿大的一个省）中的化学归宿，包括土壤、水、沉积物和空气，以及对包括人类在内的动植物群的暴露和风险。其次是可能导致食品和场外地点污染的农药的命运。第三是室内环境，这一点很重要，因为很多时间是在通风受限的情况下在室内度过的。最后是评估化学品是否可能长距离运输的模型，特别是到加拿大北极地区。