Development of Novel AIDS Gene Therapy Strategies in the Macaque SHIV Model

在猕猴 SHIV 模型中开发新型艾滋病基因治疗策略

• 批准号: 8070949
• 负责人: HANS-PETER KIEM
• 金额: $ 1.33万
• 依托单位: FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-24 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8070949
• 关键词: AIDS-Related Lymphoma; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adverse effects; Affect; Alternative Therapies; Animals; Automobile Driving; CCR5 gene; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Carmustine; Cells; Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor 5; Cleaved cell; Clinical Data; Clinical Trials; Clonality; Data; Development; Engraftment; Enhancers; Future; Gene Activation; Gene Targeting; Gene Transfer; Gene-Modified; Genes; Genetic; HIV; HIV Infections; Harvest; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hematopoietic stem cells; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; Human; Immune response; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Individual; Insertional Mutagenesis; Integrase; Knock-out; Laboratories; Lead; Lentivirus Vector; Lymphocyte; Macaca; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Monkeys; Morbidity - disease rate; Myelosuppression; NOD/SCID mouse; O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; O(6)-benzylguanine; Pathogenesis; Patients; Primates; Proto-Oncogenes; Proviruses; Regimen; Relative (related person); Reporter Genes; Research; Resistance; Safety; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Site; Spumavirus; Stem cells; Study models; Subfamily lentivirinae; System; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; Toxic effect; Transgenes; Transplantation; Urea; Vaccines; Variant; Vertebral column; Viral; Virus Diseases; Work; Zinc Fingers; base; cellular transduction; clinical application; clinically relevant; combinatorial; conditioning; gene therapy; in vivo; induced pluripotent stem cell; leukemia; leukemogenesis; mortality; mouse model; nonhuman primate; novel; novel strategies; pre-clinical; promoter; public health relevance; research study; simian human immunodeficiency virus; temozolomide; therapeutic transgene; transgene expression; treatment strategy; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this project is to develop and evaluate novel anti-HIV gene therapy strategies for AIDS in a clinically relevant macaque SHIV (simian human immunodeficiency viruses) model. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection, but the emergence of resistant viral variants, toxicity, and compliance issues are significant obstacles in controlling AIDS. Additionally, recent promising vaccine trials have failed to protect from HIV, emphasizing the importance of developing alternative therapies. One such alternative therapy is the genetic modification of hematopoietic cells to make them resistant to HIV infection or to at least inhibit HIV replication. Here we will explore two main strategies to accomplish the genetic modification. We will evaluate novel lenti and foamy virus vectors and we will study targeted gene insertion to interfere with CCR5 expression. Another key aspect of our proposal is the use of a clinically relevant nonhuman primate AIDS model. We have recently shown that both vector systems allow for efficient gene transfer to HSCs in nonhuman primates, and we have preliminary data of zinc finger mediated CCR5 disruption in macaque cells. Based on these findings we propose 4 aims. In aim 1 we will study combinatorial transgene cassettes that inhibit HIV replication. We will study these cassettes in lentivirus and foamy virus vectors to determine the safety of these vectors systems first in NOD/SCID mice and then in the nonhuman primate setting. These studies will also allow us to determine whether foamy virus vectors can overcome the adverse effect on vector titers with lentivirus vectors for some transgene cassettes. The anti-HIV vectors we propose to test contain MGMT transgenes to allow in vivo selection post-transplantation. These studies will allow us to compare gene marking, engraftment and in vivo selection with these two promising vector systems. In aim 2 we will establish conditions for efficient in vivo selection of gene-modified cells and explore means to reduce the potential for enhancer activation by integrated vector proviruses. In aim 3 we will challenge monkeys that have high marking levels to determine if our gene therapy approach can protect from SHIV infection in vivo. In aim 4 we will develop methods to introduce anti-HIV genes at a defined chromosomal locus using targeted gene insertion in order to avoid the potential for vector-mediated leukemogenesis. This approach has the added advantage that knockout of CCR5 and insertion of an anti-HIV transgene should both increase the resistance of gene-modified cells to SHIV infection. SHIVs contain several HIV genes including tat, rev and env that we will target to inhibit viral replication in our macaque-SHIV model. The proposed studies will allow us to test the gene therapy approach in a highly relevant monkey model and to develop methods for efficient and safe delivery of therapeutic transgenes to HSCs and to T cells. Since the vectors we have developed contain anti-HIV transgenes that function both in the SHIV monkey model and for HIV infection in humans, the proposed studies should thus also provide critical efficacy and safety data for promising vectors for future clinical trials. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel gene therapy strategies for the treatment of AIDS using a highly clinically relevant monkey model. If successful the proposed studies will lead to novel approaches to protect individuals from AIDS using stem cell gene therapy.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是在临床相关的猕猴 SHIV（猿猴人类免疫缺陷病毒）模型中开发和评估针对艾滋病的新型抗 HIV 基因治疗策略。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）降低了与艾滋病毒感染相关的发病率和死亡率，但耐药病毒变异体的出现、毒性和依从性问题是控制艾滋病的重大障碍。此外，最近有希望的疫苗试验未能预防艾滋病毒，这凸显了开发替代疗法的重要性。其中一种替代疗法是对造血细胞进行基因改造，使其能够抵抗艾滋病毒感染或至少抑制艾滋病毒复制。在这里，我们将探讨完成基因改造的两种主要策略。我们将评估新型慢病毒和泡沫病毒载体，并将研究靶向基因插入以干扰 CCR5 表达。我们提案的另一个关键方面是使用临床相关的非人类灵长类艾滋病模型。我们最近表明，两种载体系统都可以将基因有效转移到非人灵长类动物的造血干细胞中，并且我们有猕猴细胞中锌指介导的 CCR5 破坏的初步数据。基于这些发现，我们提出了 4 个目标。在目标 1 中，我们将研究抑制 HIV 复制的组合转基因盒。我们将在慢病毒和泡沫病毒载体中研究这些盒，以确定这些载体系统首先在 NOD/SCID 小鼠中，然后在非人灵长类动物环境中的安全性。这些研究还将使我们能够确定泡沫病毒载体是否可以克服慢病毒载体对某些转基因盒的载体滴度的不利影响。我们建议测试的抗 HIV 载体含有 MGMT 转基因，以便在移植后进行体内选择。这些研究将使我们能够将基因标记、植入和体内选择与这两种有前途的载体系统进行比较。在目标 2 中，我们将建立有效体内选择基因修饰细胞的条件，并探索降低整合载体原病毒增强子激活潜力的方法。在目标 3 中，我们将挑战具有高标记水平的猴子，以确定我们的基因治疗方法是否可以防止体内 SHIV 感染。在目标 4 中，我们将开发使用靶向基因插入在确定的染色体位点引入抗 HIV 基因的方法，以避免载体介导的白血病发生的可能性。这种方法还有一个额外的优点，即敲除 CCR5 和插入抗 HIV 转基因都可以增加基因修饰细胞对 SHIV 感染的抵抗力。 SHIV 包含多种 HIV 基因，包括 tat、rev 和 env，我们将利用这些基因来抑制猕猴 SHIV 模型中的病毒复制。拟议的研究将使我们能够在高度相关的猴子模型中测试基因治疗方法，并开发有效、安全地将治疗性转基因递送至 HSC 和 T 细胞的方法。由于我们开发的载体含有抗 HIV 转基因，可在 SHIV 猴模型和人类 HIV 感染中发挥作用，因此拟议的研究也应该为未来临床试验的有希望的载体提供关键的功效和安全性数据。公共健康相关性：拟议的研究将使用临床高度相关的猴子模型来评估治疗艾滋病的新型基因治疗策略的有效性和安全性。如果成功，拟议的研究将带来使用干细胞基因疗法保护个人免受艾滋病感染的新方法。