FRONTAL LOBE PLASTICITY AFTER BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDHOOD

儿童期脑损伤后额叶的可塑性

• 批准号: 2026197
• 负责人: SHARON L NICHOLS
• 金额: $ 8.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-01-01 至 2001-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2026197
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; developmental neurobiology; developmental psychology; early experience; frontal lobe /cortex; functional ability; gender difference; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); language development; longitudinal human study; memory disorders; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neural inhibition; neural plasticity; neuropsychological tests; perception disorder; psychological adaptation; psychophysiology; sensory mechanism; social adjustment

DESCRIPTION. Over recent years, it has become clear that the functional plasticity of the brain following damage sustained in infancy varies according to the functions being assessed and the anatomic areas affected by the damage. Although out understanding of the effect of early damage on language and visuospatial functions has increased greatly, studies of the executive functions normally associated with the frontal lobes, such as planning, problem solving, working memory and inhibition, have not been done with children who sustained early focal brain injury. Such research has the potential to provide information regarding the degree of functional plasticity of prefrontal cortex. By specifically looking for dissociations among aspects of informational processing hypothesized to underlie more complex frontal behaviors, this study also proposes to examine the separability of these functions in development and whether they are specifically related to distinct areas of the frontal lobes as has been seen in adults. A further goal of the study is to investigate whether damage to frontal areas is associated with greater developmental disabilities in adaptive and social functions than damage to posterior areas. These goals will be accomplished by comparing a group of children with unilateral, focal brain lesions sustained prior to 6 months of age with normally developing controls on a battery of executive functioning measures. Dissociations on specific measures of working memory and inhibitory functioning will be examined within the focal lesion group as well as within normally developing controls. Finally, the relationship of performance on these measures to social and adaptive functioning will be examined.

描述。 近年来，人们已经清楚地认识到，功能性 婴儿期遭受损伤后大脑的可塑性各不相同 根据正在评估的功能和受影响的解剖区域 的损害。 尽管我们不了解早期损伤对 语言和视觉空间功能大大增强，研究 通常与额叶相关的执行功能，例如 计划、解决问题、工作记忆和抑制，都没有完成 患有早期局灶性脑损伤的儿童。 此类研究有 可能提供有关功能程度的信息 前额皮质的可塑性。 通过专门寻找解离 假设信息处理的各个方面是更多的基础 复杂的额行为，本研究还建议检查 这些功能在开发中的可分离性以及它们是否 正如我们所见，与额叶的不同区域特别相关 在成人中。 该研究的进一步目标是调查是否会损害 额叶区域与更大的发育障碍有关 适应性和社会功能多于对后部区域的损害。 这些目标将通过将一组儿童与 6 个月前持续的单侧局灶性脑损伤 通常对一系列执行功能措施进行控制。 工作记忆和抑制的具体测量的分离 将在焦点病变组以及内部检查功能 通常正在开发控件。 最后，性能关系 将审查这些针对社会和适应功能的措施。