Neuroplasticity and the role of sensorimotor cortex in control of orofacial funct

神经可塑性和感觉运动皮层在口面部功能控制中的作用

• 批准号: 8998013
• 负责人: Callum F Ross
• 金额: $ 47.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-12 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8998013
• 关键词: Address; Apraxias; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Bite; Bite Force; Brain; Bruxism; Chicago; Data; Data Analyses; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Disease; Dysarthria; Dystonia; Eating; Exhibits; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Health; Incisor; Intervention; Jaw; Kinetics; Learning; Location; Mastication; Measurement; Measures; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Movement; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Oral; Pain; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Publishing; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Somatosensory Cortex; Spastic Dysphonias; Speech; Structure; Task Performances; Techniques; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Time; Tongue; Training; awake; brain machine interface; chronic pain; clinically significant; design; feeding; grasp; improved; insight; kinematics; microstimulation; mind control; motor control; novel; oral behavior; oral motor; orofacial; relating to nervous system; research study; skills; targeted treatment

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Orofacial sensorimotor cortex (OSMcx)-orofacial primary motor cortex (MIo), primary somatosensory cortex (SIo), cortical masticatory area (CMAp)-dysfunction has been implicated in many orofacial sensorimotor disorders, including dysphagia, orofacial dystonia and dysarthria, spasmodic dysphonia, apraxia of speech, bruxism, chronic pain, and temporomandibular disorders. OSMcx displays neuroplasticity in association with acquisition of novel oral motor skills, intra-oral manipulations, and pain, and clinically targeting OSMcx has promise in treatment of orofacial disorders, such as dysphagia. The relationship between OSMcx neuroplasticity and learning of new oral skills is poorly understood, and the potential of OSMcx-targeted therapies for rehabilitation of speech, chewing, and swallowing disorders is barely explored. What roles do MIo, SIo, & CMAp independently and collectively play in control of natural feeding and trained orofacial motor tasks? How are neuroplastic changes in OSMcx orofacial motor and sensory representations related to changes in task performance? To address these questions, we will quantify neuroplasticity in OSMcx, and encoding of tongue and jaw kinematics and kinetics by recording simultaneously from MIo, SIo, & CMAp during natural feeding and learning of tongue protrusion or incisor biting tasks. We have 3 specific aims: Aim 1: to document the modulation of activity in neural ensembles in MIo, SIo, & CMAp during feeding, and performance of tongue protrusion or incisor-biting tasks before, during, and after long-term training to these tasks. Aim 2: to document simultaneously in MIo, SIo, & CMAp the encoding of jaw and tongue kinematics and kinetics in neural ensembles during feeding and during performance of tongue protrusion or incisor-biting tasks before, during, and after long-term training to these tasks. Aim 3: to document simultaneously in MIo, SIo, & CMAp the timing and nature of neuroplasticity associated with training in tongue protrusion or incisor biting tasks. The proposed research will provide novel insights into neuronal processes underlying OSMcx control of orofacial function and lay the groundwork for future studies of the rehabilitative potential of intensive task training and neuroplastic changes n OSMcx in recovery of orofacial function. These data will inform treatments of sensorimotor disorders that target OSMcx, such as those using stimulation or brain machine interfaces. The proposed research will leverage significant advances in neural recording, kinematic measurement, and data analysis that are being applied to studies of reach-to-grasp behaviors and, for the first time, apply them to addressing clinically significant problems in orofacial function.

描述（由申请人提供）：口面部感觉运动皮层 (OSMcx) - 口面部初级运动皮层 (MIo)、初级躯体感觉皮层 (SIo)、皮层咀嚼区 (CMAp) - 功能障碍与许多口面部感觉运动障碍有关，包括吞咽困难、口面部肌张力障碍和构音障碍、痉挛性发声困难、言语失用、磨牙症、慢性疼痛和颞下颌关节紊乱病。 OSMcx 显示出与获得新的口腔运动技能、口腔内操作和疼痛相关的神经可塑性，并且临床靶向 OSMcx 有望治疗吞咽困难等口面部疾病。人们对 OSMcx 神经可塑性与学习新口腔技能之间的关系知之甚少，并且几乎没有探索 OSMcx 靶向疗法在言语、咀嚼和吞咽障碍康复方面的潜力。 MIo、SIo 和 CMAP 在控制自然进食和受训练的口面部运动任务中独立和共同发挥什么作用？ OSMcx 口面部运动和感觉表征的神经塑性变化与任务表现的变化有何关系？ 为了解决这些问题，我们将通过在自然喂养和学习舌头突出或门牙咬合任务期间同时记录 MIo、SIo 和 CMAp 来量化 OSMcx 中的神经可塑性以及舌头和下颌运动学和动力学的编码。我们有 3 个具体目标： 目标 1：记录喂食期间 MIo、SIo 和 CMAp 神经元活动的调节情况，以及在长期训练之前、期间和之后执行舌头突出或门牙咬合任务的情况任务。目标 2：在长期训练之前、期间和之后，在 MIo、SIo 和 CMAp 中同时记录进食期间以及执行舌头突出或门牙咬合任务期间神经元中下颌和舌头运动学和动力学的编码任务。目标 3：在 MIo、SIo 和 CMAp 中同时记录与舌头突出或门牙咬合任务训练相关的神经可塑性的时间和性质。拟议的研究将为 OSMCx 控制口面部功能的神经元过程提供新的见解，并为未来研究强化任务训练的康复潜力和 OSMCx 在口面部功能恢复中的神经塑性变化奠定基础。这些数据将为针对 OSMCx 的感觉运动障碍的治疗提供信息，例如使用刺激或脑机接口的治疗。拟议的研究将利用神经记录、运动学测量和数据分析方面的重大进展，这些进展应用于抓握行为的研究，并首次将它们应用于解决口面部功能的临床重大问题。