Understanding the risk of obesity in food-insecure children: the hidden role of stress

了解食物不安全儿童的肥胖风险：压力的隐藏作用

基本信息

批准号：
9123640
负责人：
Cindy Leung
金额：
$ 13.54万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-08-10 至 2017-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9123640
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adult Adverse effects Affect Age Area Automobile Driving Award Awareness Child Child Development Child health care Chronic Chronic Disease Chronic stress Cognitive Complex Development Diet Eating Behavior Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiologist Food Funding Future Goals Grant Health Household Hyperphagia Impulsivity Interdisciplinary Study Intervention Interview Knowledge Laboratories Laboratory Study Life Cycle Stages Link Longitudinal Studies Low income Measurement Measures Mediating Mediation Mental Depression Metabolic Obesity Outcome Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Phase Policies Problem behavior Process Property Psychological Stress Psychological reinforcement Psychometrics Reading Reporting Research Research Personnel Rewards Risk Role Sampling School-Age Population Scientist Series Shapes Socioeconomic Status Stress Testing Training Validity and Reliability Weight Weight Gain apprenticeship career cognitive development cognitive process design executive function experience health disparity improved innovation maternal stress meetings novel nutrition obesity in children obesity risk programs psychologic psychosocial skills therapy development

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Food insecurity, a household condition of limited food availability, affects 16 million US children today. Food- insecure children are at risk for adverse diet-related health conditions; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations have not been clearly identified. Chronic, psychological stress may represent an important pathway between food insecurity and childhood obesity. The effects of chronic stress on children's cognitive development and cardio-metabolic health have been well-documented. However, research of the psychological component of food insecurity is sparse. Understanding the psychosocial and cognitive mechanisms underlying children's experiences of food insecurity is important to inform the development of strategies to reduce children's food insecurity and its sequelae. I am pursuing a K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award to fill critical training gaps in the areas of stress mechanisms and measurement, children's development of cognitive processes related to overeating, and causal mediation analysis. This award will build upon my advanced training as a nutrition epidemiologist and my prior research on the relations between participation in the federal food programs and diet-related chronic disease. The detailed training plan includes formal coursework at UCSF and UC Berkeley, meetings, seminars, readings, and research apprenticeships. The research component of my project will provide opportunities to integrate knowledge from these new areas. Through the proposed series of studies, I will test the hypothesis that household food insecurity increases children's psychological stress, which shapes their cognitive processes related to eating behaviors and food choice, and predicts subsequent weight gain. First, I will develop a measure to capture children's psychological stress of food insecurity, drawing from qualitative interviews with food-insecure children and existing measures of children's psychological stress. The measure's psychometric properties will be empirically tested in a separate sample of low-income children. Second, in a laboratory setting, I will determine the extent to which children's food insecurity-stress mediates the relationship between household food insecurity and children's cognitive processes related to overeating, using the newly developed measure. Finally, I will design and conduct a two- year longitudinal study to examine associations between household food insecurity and children's weight gain, and the extent to which this is mediated through the proposed pathway. This program of research will focus on children during the transition to adolescence (ages 8-12), a significant period for cognitive development and weight gain with lifelong implications. These findings will highlight a novel and important pathway to explain the adverse effects of food insecurity on children's developmental and diet-related outcomes. The proposed training plan and series of studies will provide me with a set of skills and expertise needed to successfully compete for funding as an independent investigator and to serve as a leader in developing interventions and policies to minimize food insecurity and promote health in low-income children.

描述（由申请人提供）：粮食不安全是一种粮食供应有限的家庭状况，如今影响着 1600 万美国儿童，粮食不安全的儿童面临着不利的风险。饮食相关的健康状况；然而，这些关联的机制尚未明确。慢性心理压力可能是粮食不安全和儿童肥胖之间的一个重要途径。慢性压力对儿童认知发展和心脏代谢健康的影响。然而，对粮食不安全心理因素的研究却很少，了解儿童粮食不安全经历背后的心理社会和认知机制对于制定减少儿童粮食不安全及其后遗症的策略非常重要。我正在追求 K99/R00 独立之路奖，以填补压力机制和测量、儿童与暴饮暴食相关的认知过程的发展以及因果中介分析领域的关键培训空白。该奖项将建立在我作为营养流行病学家的高级培训的基础上。以及我之前关于参与联邦食品计划与饮食相关慢性疾病之间关系的研究。详细的培训计划包括加州大学旧金山分校和加州大学伯克利分校的正式课程、会议、研讨会、阅读和研究实习。通过拟议的一系列研究，我将提供整合这些新领域知识的机会，我将检验这样的假设：家庭粮食不安全会增加儿童的心理压力，从而影响他们与饮食行为和食物选择相关的认知过程，并预测随后的体重增加。首先，我将根据对粮食不安全儿童的定性访谈和现有的儿童心理压力衡量标准，制定一项衡量儿童粮食不安全心理压力的衡量标准。该衡量标准的心理测量特性将在低收入儿童的单独样本中进行实证检验。。其次，在实验室环境中，我将使用新开发的措施确定儿童粮食不安全压力在多大程度上介导家庭粮食不安全与儿童与暴饮暴食相关的认知过程之间的关系。一项为期一年的纵向研究，旨在检验家庭粮食不安全与儿童体重增加之间的关系，以及通过拟议途径调节这种关系的程度。该研究计划将重点关注向青春期（8-12 岁）过渡的儿童，这是一个重要的时期。这些发现将凸显出一种新颖且重要的途径来解释粮食不安全对儿童发育和饮食相关结果的不利影响。作为独立调查员成功争取资金并作为制定干预措施和政策以最大限度地减少粮食不安全和促进低收入儿童健康所需的一套技能和专业知识。