Impacts of Off-Premise Alcohol Outlets on Local Neighborhood Alcohol Problems

场外酒类销售点对当地社区酒精问题的影响

• 批准号: 9121446
• 负责人: JULIET P LEE
• 金额: $ 38.26万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-10 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9121446
• 关键词: Adult; Advocate; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcohols; Area; Automobile Driving; California; Cereals; Communities; Community Health; Consumption; County; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Sources; Economic Factors; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnography; Health; Heavy Drinking; Injury; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratories; Licensing; Link; Methods; Municipalities; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Persons; Police; Policies; Population; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Restaurants; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Site; Social Disorganizations; Social Policies; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Violence; alcohol availability; alcohol related problem; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; falls; high risk; improved; innovation; male; programs; social; socioeconomics; urban area; violent crime; youth violence

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R01 application will assess the social mechanisms relating neighborhood densities of off-premise alcohol outlets to alcohol-related problems. The impacts of on premise outlets (bars and restaurants) have been intensively studied, including well-established effects and promising explanatory mechanisms for associations between densities, problem drinking and negative health outcomes (e.g., violence-related injuries). In contrast, while associations between off-premise outlet density and community problems have been established, the mechanisms underlying these impacts are poorly understood. We propose that such mechanisms must be investigated at the local level utilizing micro-environmental approaches. Building on prior research on the impacts of neighborhood conditions and alcohol outlets on alcohol-related problems, this study will investigate specific hypothetical mechanisms underlying associations between off-premise outlets and local problems. Generalizing from research into on premise outlet effects there are several plausible mechanisms that can explain off-premise effects. Our aims are to test hypotheses that follow from these two mechanisms: (1) Crime Attractors: Off-premise outlets attract persons at higher risk for involvement in crime and violence, specifically young males, as well as potential victims (2) Place Management: Management of persons in and around off-premise outlets falls to outlet staff and owners, but may be ineffective, particularly in areas of high outlet density. We will collect data n and around off-premise outlets in a contiguous area in Alameda County, CA, including six municipalities ranging widely in terms of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and off-premise outlet density. We will collect archival data (e.g., police reports of violent crimes), and ethnographic data (e.g., interviews with management of outlets and premise observation data). By collecting and analyzing data on outlets at the scale of the outlet and very local (i.e., within one block) environs and locating these data with the larger framework of the community, we bridge micro-ecological and macro-ecological perspectives, allowing for an advancement of our understanding of the impacts of outlets on communities.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该 R01 应用程序将评估将场外酒类商店的社区密度与酒精相关问题联系起来的社会机制。对场内酒类商店（酒吧和餐馆）的影响进行了深入研究，包括业已确立的影响和有希望的协会解释机制。相比之下，尽管场外出口密度与社区问题之间存在关联，但我们对这些影响背后的机制知之甚少。必须利用微环境方法在地方一级进行调查。基于先前关于邻里条件和酒精销售点对酒精相关问题的影响的研究，本研究将调查场外销售点与当地问题之间关联的具体假设机制。从对内部网点效应的研究中得出结论，有几种可能的机制可以解释外部效应，我们的目的是检验根据这两种机制得出的假设：(1) 犯罪吸引因素：外部网点吸引高风险人群。参与犯罪和暴力，特别是年轻男性， (2) 场所管理：对场外网点及其周围人员的管理由网点工作人员和业主负责，但可能效率低下，特别是在网点密度高的地区。我们将收集场外网点及其周围的数据。加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县邻近地区的网点，包括种族/族裔、社会经济地位和场外网点密度广泛分布的六个地区。我们将收集档案数据（例如，警方关于暴力犯罪的报告）和人种学数据。 （例如。，通过对门店管理人员的访谈和场所观察数据），通过收集和分析门店规模和非常本地（即在一个街区内）环境的数据，并将这些数据与社区的更大框架联系起来，我们将微观联系起来。 -生态和宏观生态视角，有助于加深我们对网点对社区影响的理解。