Nanotechnology-Based Environmental Smart Sensors for Personal Health Exposure Monitoring

基于纳米技术的环境智能传感器，用于个人健康暴露监测

基本信息

批准号：
9284876
负责人：
Krishna Naishadham
金额：
$ 4万
依托单位：
WI-SENSE, LLC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-02-01 至 2017-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9284876
关键词：
Accelerometer Address Adsorption Air Air Pollutants Asthma Biological Biosensor Blood Breathing Car Phone Carbon Nanotubes Cellular Phone Chemicals Climate Collaborations Communication Data Data Display Detection Development Diagnostic Diffusion Discrimination Dose Electronics Ensure Environment Environmental Pollutants Environmental Risk Factor Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiologist Epidemiology Evaluation Exhalation Exposure to Feasibility Studies Film Frequencies Gases Goals Health Health Care Costs Health Professional Heart Rate Hospitalization Hour Human Human Volunteers Humidity Individual Laboratories Learning Life Location Lung diseases Marketing Measurement Measures Metadata Molecular Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Morphology Motion Nanotechnology Outcome Ozone Particulate Matter Performance Phase Physical activity Physiological Pilot Projects Pollution Polymers Population Population Sizes Printing Public Health Pump Recruitment Activity Research Respiration Respiratory physiology Saliva Sampling Seasons Signal Transduction Smog Source Specimen Staging Surface Sweat Sweating Thick Time Universities Urine Validation Vision Weight Wireless Technology Work airway inflammation ambient air pollution asthmatic base cost design detector dosage field study fitness greenhouse gases human subject improved meetings mortality nanoparticle nanosensors oxidant gases ozone exposure personal exposure monitor pollutant polybutadiene prototype radio frequency respiratory health response sensor stressor tool toxicant trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A broad goal of the proposed research is to develop personal exposure monitors comprising wearable, wireless sensor arrays to detect harmful air pollutants within the breathing zone, and improve the assessment of causative exposure-dose-response relationships in epidemiological studies. Heterogeneous orthogonal detectors comprising functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) based resonators will be designed and integrated with a smart phone platform, targeting the detection of ambient ozone (O3) in Phase 1, particulate matter, NOx and VOCs in Phase 2. Ozone not only influences climatic changes globally through greenhouse gas emissions, but also produces adverse health effects in humans as a secondary pollutant in urban smog through precursors generated in traffic and industrial pollution. As a powerful oxidant gas, O3 can elicit a range of physiological responses once inhaled, including reduced lung function and inflamed airways, exacerbating respiratory diseases such as asthma. Numerous research efforts address the relationship between ozone exposure and health outcomes including mortality and morbidity (hospitalizations, decrements in lung function, and asthma status), but due to lack of personal exposure data, considerable error may be introduced in assessing dose-response relationships. Currently, there are no existing sensors in the market suitable for real- time O3 exposure measurement within the breathing zone. Phase 1 research develops an ozone exposure detector array, fabricated using two classes of nanosensors: (a) polybutadiene polymer-functionalized CNT thin-films, (b) CNT thin-films decorated with Pt or Pd metallic nanoparticles. Both offer maximum sensitivity to ozone while reducing cross-sensitivity to interferents such as NOx. These detector films are integrated with compact radio-frequency (RF) resonators, which respond with unique resonance shift caused by molecular level gas adsorption on the film interface. In contrast to a chemiresistor, both amplitude and frequency shifts in this RF nanosensor may be used to minimize false positives for robust discrimination. Differential signaling between the primary sensor and a reference sensor (pure CNTs) compensates for environmental factors such as humidity, further improving selectivity. The differential signal is wirelessly interfaced through a microcontroller t a smart phone for data display of concentration levels and data communication to public health professionals or regulatory bodies via participatory and ubiquitous sensing. Additionally, sensors embedded in the mobile phone yield information on motion, physical activity, time stamp and GPS location of the subject that can be correlated to the exposure. A prototype O3 sensor will be developed and its performance characterized under controlled laboratory and ambient conditions. Field tests will be conducted on human volunteers to detect ambient ozone as a function of time over several days, and results compared directly with measurements made by standard badge samplers. Causative relationships will be explored by measuring eNO concentrations following the exposure, in collaboration with an environmental epidemiologist.

描述（由适用提供）：拟议的研究的一个广泛目标是开发个人暴露监测器，完成可穿戴的无线传感器阵列，以检测呼吸区内的有害空气污染物，并改善流行病学研究中灾难性暴露剂量剂量剂量剂量 - 剂量 - 剂量反应关系。将设计并与智能手机平台进行设计并集成基于功能化的碳纳米管（CNT）的异质正交探测器，针对对环境臭氧（O3）的检测，在第2阶段，NOX，NOX和VOC在第2阶段中的检测。通过交通和工业污染产生的前体烟雾。作为强大的氧化物气体，O3一旦吸入，就可以引起一系列物理反应，包括肺功能降低和发炎的气道，加剧呼吸道疾病，例如哮喘。许多研究工作涉及臭氧暴露与健康结果之间的关系，包括死亡率和发病率（住院，肺功能下降和哮喘状况），但由于缺乏个人暴露数据，在评估剂量 - 反应关系时可能会引入相当大的错误。当前，市场上没有现有的传感器，适用于呼吸区内的实时O3暴露测量。第1阶段的研究开发了使用两类纳米传感器制造的臭氧暴露检测器阵列：（a）多丁二烯聚合物官能化的CNT薄膜，（b）用PT或PD金属纳米颗粒装饰的CNT薄膜。两者都对臭氧具有最大的敏感性，同时降低对NOX等干扰物的交叉敏感性。这些探测器膜与紧凑型射频（RF）谐振器集成在一起，这些谐振器响应于膜界面上的分子级气体添加吸附引起的独特共振转移。与化学固定器相反，该RF纳米传感器中的放大器和频移可用于最大程度地减少误差以进行稳健歧视。主要传感器和参考传感器（纯CNT）之间的差异信号补偿了湿度等环境因素，从而进一步提高了选择性。差异信号通过微控制器无线接口t智能手机，以通过参与和无处不在的传感器来显示浓度水平和与公共卫生专业人员或监管机构的数据通信的数据。此外，嵌入在手机中的传感器可以在受试者的运动，体育锻炼，时间戳记和GPS位置收益，这些信息可以与曝光相关。将开发一个原型O3传感器，其性能在受控实验室和环境条件下进行特征。现场测试将对人类志愿者进行，以在几天内检测到环境臭氧作为时间的函数，并将结果与标准徽章样本进行的测量直接进行了比较。通过与环境流行病学家协作，通过测量eNO浓度来探讨因果关系。