National Biomedical Information Services

国家生物医学信息服务

• 批准号: 9355011
• 负责人: Betsy Humphreys
• 金额: $ 30060.51万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9355011
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adverse effects; African American; Amendment; Americas; Antimicrobial Resistance; Archives; Area; Automated Indexing; Awareness; Bibliographic Databases; Big Data to Knowledge; Bioinformatics; Biological; Biotechnology; Blood; Cells; Cellular Phone; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Chest; Clinical; Clinical Practice Guideline; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Code; Collaborations; Collection; Common Data Element; Communication; Communities; Computational Biology; Computer software; Congresses; Consensus; Contracts; Controlled Vocabulary; Country; Data; Data Element; Data Science; Data Set; Databases; Development; Disasters; Education; Electronic Health Record; Emergency Situation; Environmental Health; Family; Fostering; Funding; Genbank; General Population; Genetic; Genetic screening method; Genome; Genomics; Goals; Guidelines; Hazardous Chemicals; Hazardous Substances; Health; Health Professional; Health Sciences; Health Services Research; Health Technology; Health system; Healthcare; Healthy People 2020; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Hispanics; Human Genome; Image; Imagery; Improve Access; Informatics; Information Centers; Information Dissemination; Information Management; Information Resources; Information Services; Information Systems; International; Intervention; Intramural Research Program; Joints; Journals; Label; Language; Libraries; Licensing; Link; Literature; Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes; MEDLINE; Malaria; Maps; Measures; Medical; Medical Informatics; Medical Libraries; Medicine; MedlinePlus; Methods; Modeling; Molecular Biology; N.I.H. Research Support; Names; Native Americans; Nuclear; Package Insert; Patient Education; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physicians; Play; Poison Control Centers; Policies; Population; Process; PubChem; PubMed; Public Health; Publications; Published Comment; Publishing; Readiness; Records; Registries; Reporting; Reproducibility; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Resolution; Resources; Retrieval; Role; SNOMED Clinical Terms; Site; Software Tools; Solid; Speed; Structure; Subject Headings; System; Technology; Technology Assessment; Terminology; Testing; Text; Toxicology; Toxicology Data Network; Toxics Release Inventory; Treatment Protocols; Tuberculosis; U-Series Cooperative Agreements; Underserved Population; Unified Medical Language System; United States National Institutes of Health; United States National Library of Medicine; Update; Vocabulary; Zika Virus; base; bioimaging; biomedical informatics; biomedical information system; combat; comparative effectiveness; data sharing; dosage; drug market; drug standard; emergency service responder; foodborne illness; genome wide association study; health data; health disparity; health information technology; health literacy; implantable device; improved; indexing; instrument; interoperability; journal article; knowledge base; language processing; metathesaurus; open source; outreach; outreach program; pathogen; personalized health care; pill; population health; programs; public health emergency; repository; research and development; research study; response; scientific computing; support tools; systems research; tool; web site

Delivering Biomedical Information Services In FY16, NLM greatly expanded the quantity and range of high quality information available to researchers, health professionals, and the public. Among the NLM's intramural programs that contribute to its national biomedical information services are: PubMed: PubMed, which incorporates MEDLINE, is NLM's premier bibliographic database with over 26 million references to biomedical journal articles. MEDLINE articles are indexed by experts using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) controlled vocabulary, updated annually. In FY16 over 800,000 new indexed citations were added. PubMed Commons, which enables authors to share opinions and other information about scientific publications, potentially helping to improve reproducibility, added comments on nearly 1,500 PubMed articles. NLM also expanded use of automated indexing technology to increase efficiency. PubMed Central (PMC): The PMC archive of 4 million fulltext journal articles is central to the effort to make published results of NIH-supported research publicly accessible. As of FY16, PMC also enables public access to published results of research supported by 7 other federal agencies, as well as private and international research funders. MedlinePlus and MedlinePlus en espanol: These consumer health information resources cover over 985 topics, with selected materials in more than 40 languages. MedlinePlus Connect links electronic health records to patient education information from MedlinePlus by leveraging standardized codes and vocabularies required for meaningful use. In FY16, MedlinePlus Facebook pages were added in English and Spanish. Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov covers over 225,000 clinical research studies in 192 countries, with hundreds added weekly. It also contains summary information about trial results, including adverse effects, in accordance with the FDA Amendments Act of 2007 (PL 110-85). In FY16, more than 24,000 new trials were registered. Summary results of more than 4,000 trials were added, bringing the total to over 22,500. NLM staff also assisted NIH in developing the final rule implementing clinical trials provisions of FDAAA and a new policy covering registration and results submission for all NIH-funded trials. Toxicology and Environmental Health: Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) is a primary reference for toxicologists, poison control centers, public health officials, physicians and environmental health professionals, and includes databases such as TOXLINE, Toxic Release Inventory, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, ToxMap and HaxMap. K-12 resources include an environmental health website and the GeneEd resource to support genetics education. Drug Information Resources: Drug information resources include DailyMed and Pillbox. DailyMed provides medication content and labeling information from package inserts for nearly 90,000 marketed drugs; interface changes were made for improved mobile access. Pillbox enables rapid identification of unknown solid-dosage medications based on physical characteristics and high-resolution images. Both are linked to NLM's RxNorm standard drug names. In FY16, NLM hosted a Pill Image Recognition Challenge under the America COMPETES Act to create software to match unknown pills from smartphone photos against the NLM RxIMAGE database. Disaster Preparedness and Response: NLM's Disaster Information Management Research Center (DIMRC) provides access to disaster information, promotes use of libraries in disaster preparedness and response, and supports uninterrupted access to critical health information resources when disasters and public health emergencies occur, such as Zika in FY16. DIMRC produces WISER, CHEMM, and REMM, emergency responder tools for hazardous materials and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents. Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, and Human Genome Resources: NCBI resources include more than 40 integrated molecular biology databases and bioinformatics software tools such as GenBank, Entrez, BLAST, RefSeq, dbGAP, Genomes, PubChem, Genetic Testing Registry, and ClinVar. Continuing areas of emphasis included addressing the impact of enormous quantities of data from high throughput sequencing and microarrays; organizing phenotypic and genotypic data from genome-wide association studies; and enhancing interfaces to journal literature retrieval to facilitate search and discovery. With the CDC, FDA, and USDA, NCBI developed database and analytic tools to use high throughput sequencing to more rapidly and accurately identify pathogens causing food-borne illnesses; similar technology is being applied to develop resources for combating antimicrobial resistance. Outreach Promoting Public Awareness and Access: Consumer health websites and the NIH MedlinePlus Magazine, in English and Spanish, convey the latest useful research findings in lay language. NLM outreach programs, many of which are achieved through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, enhance awareness of its information services, with emphasis on underserved populations. Dozens of community-based projects are funded each year. In FY16, the support mechanism for the Network's Regional Medical Libraries was changed from contracts to cooperative agreements. Health Services Research: NICHSR promotes access to public health and health services research information through such databases as: HSRProj, covering over 15,000 health services research projects from about 200 funding organizations; HSRR for research datasets, instruments and software relevant to health services research; and HSTAT, with high quality evidence reports, guidelines, technology assessments, consensus statements, and treatment protocols. Structured search queries are developed to aid in searching PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and HSRProj for information on health services research, comparative effectiveness, population health, health disparities, and Healthy People 2020 objectives. Advanced Information Systems and Research Tools: LHNCBC and NCBI continued to conduct research in biomedical informatics and computational biology, tested informatics interventions, and developed new scientific computing tools. For example, researchers enhanced tools that support standards-based electronic health records; developed tools to detect tuberculosis in chest x-rays and count malaria parasitic cells in blood smears; developed open-source programming pipelines to convert CT data to 3-D printable models; improved methods for integrated search and discovery of biomedical images and text; and provided expertise for the trans-NIH BD2K initiative to make research data more broadly available and discoverable. Health Data Standards: As the HHS central coordinating body for clinical terminology standards, NLM provides essential tools for meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) and health system interoperability. NLM develops, supports, or licenses for free U.S.-wide use the key clinical terminologies (RxNorm, LOINC, SNOMED CT) designated as standards for U.S. health information exchange. The Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus, with more than 13 million concept names from nearly 200 vocabularies, is a distribution mechanism for standard code sets and vocabularies used in health data systems. In FY16, NLM launched the NIH Common Data Elements Repository to facilitate data sharing and aggregation; provided CDE tooling for data element harmonization; published updated value sets to support CMS Clinical Quality Measures; launched the VSAC Collab site for author collaboration; updated vocabulary mappings useful in achieving meaningful use; and augmented AccessGUDID with over 500,000 implantable device records, in support of the 2018 requirement that certified EHR Technology exchange implantable device information.

提供生物医学信息服务 在2016财年，NLM大大扩大了研究人员，卫生专业人员和公众可用的高质量信息的数量和范围。在NLM为其国家生物医学信息服务做出贡献的NLM内部计划中，有： PubMed：包含MEDLINE的PubMed是NLM的主要书目数据库，对生物医学期刊文章的参考文献超过2600万。 Medline文章每年都会使用医学主题标题（MESH）控制的词汇索引，每年更新。在2016财年，添加了超过800,000个新的索引引用。 PubMed Commons使作者能够分享有关科学出版物的意见和其他信息，并可能有助于提高可重复性，并对近1,500篇PubMed文章进行了评论。 NLM还扩展了自动索引技术的使用以提高效率。 PubMed Central（PMC）：400万本《完整期刊》文章的PMC档案是为了公开访问NIH支持的研究结果的努力。截至2016财年，PMC还使公众可以访问其他7个联邦机构以及私人和国际研究资助者支持的已发表研究结果。 Medlineplus和Medlineplus en Espanol：这些消费者健康信息资源涵盖了985多个主题，其中包含40多种语言的选定材料。 MedlinePlus Connect通过利用有意义使用所需的标准化代码和词汇表，将电子健康记录与患者教育信息从MedlinePlus获得。在2016财年，MedlinePlus Facebook页面添加了英文和西班牙语。 临床试验：临床过程。GOV涵盖了192个国家 /地区的225,000多个临床研究，每周增加数百种。根据2007年的FDA修正案（PL 110-85），它还包含有关试验结果的摘要信息，包括不利影响。在2016财年，已注册了24,000多次新试验。添加了4,000多次试验的摘要结果，使总数超过22,500。 NLM的工作人员还协助NIH制定了实施FDAAA临床试验规定的最终规则，以及一项新的政策，涵盖了所有NIH资助试验的注册和结果提交结果。 毒理学和环境健康：毒理学数据网络（TOXNET）是毒理学家，毒物控制中心，公共卫生官员，医师和环境卫生专业人员的主要参考，包括毒品，有毒库存，危险物质数据库，数据库，TOXMAP和HAXMAP等数据库。 K-12资源包括一个环境卫生网站和支持遗传学教育的Geneed资源。 药物信息资源：药物信息资源包括Dailymed和Pillbox。 Dailymed为近90,000种销售药物提供了药物含量和标签信息；进行了接口更改，以改善移动访问。 Pillbox可以根据物理特征和高分辨率图像快速识别未知的固体剂量药物。两者都与NLM的RXNorm标准药物名称有关。在2016财年，NLM在《美国竞争法案》中举办了一项药丸图像识别挑战，以创建软件，以将智能手机照片与NLM RxImage数据库的未知药丸相匹配。 灾难准备和响应：NLM的灾难信息管理研究中心（DIMRC）提供访问灾难信息，促进图书馆在灾难准备和响应中的使用，并在发生灾难和公共卫生紧急情况时支持对关键健康信息资源的不间断访问，例如2016财年的Zika。 DIMRC生产明智的，Chemm和REMM，即危险材料以及化学，生物学，放射学和核事件的紧急响应器工具。 分子生物学，生物信息学和人类基因组资源：NCBI资源包括40多个综合分子生物学数据库和生物信息学软件工具，例如Genbank，Entrez，Blast，Blast，RefSeq，RefSeq，DBGAP，DBGAP，基因组，Pubchem，Pubchem，Pubchem，Genetic Testing Registry和Cinvar。继续强调的领域包括解决高吞吐量测序和微阵列中大量数据的影响；来自全基因组关联研究的组织表型和基因型数据；并增强与期刊文献检索的界面，以促进搜索和发现。 NCBI借助CDC，FDA和USDA，开发了数据库和分析工具，以使用高吞吐量测序，以更快，更准确地识别导致食物传播疾病的病原体。正在应用类似的技术来开发对抗抗菌抗性的资源。 推广公众意识和访问的推广：用英语和西班牙语的《消费者健康网站》和《 NIH Medlineplus》杂志传达了外行语言的最新有用的研究结果。 NLM外展计划，其中许多是通过医学图书馆的国家网络实现的，增强了对信息服务的认识，重点是服务不足的人群。每年为数十个基于社区的项目提供资金。在2016财年，该网络区域医疗图书馆的支持机制从合同更改为合作协议。 卫生服务研究：NICHSR通过以下数据库促进访问公共卫生和卫生服务研究信息：HSRPROJ，涵盖了大约200个资助组织的15,000多个卫生服务研究项目；与卫生服务研究有关的研究数据集，工具和软件的HSRR； HSTAT具有高质量的证据报告，指南，技术评估，共识声明和治疗方案。开发结构化的搜索查询是为了帮助搜索PubMed，ClinicalTrials.gov和HSRProj，以获取有关健康服务研究，比较效率，人口健康，健康差异和健康人2020年目标的信息。 高级信息系统和研究工具：LHNCBC和NCBI继续在生物医学信息学和计算生物学上进行研究，测试了信息学干预措施，并开发了新的科学计算工具。例如，研究人员增强了支持基于标准的电子健康记录的工具；开发了检测胸部X射线结核的工具，并计算血液涂片中的疟疾寄生细胞；开发了开源编程管道，以将CT数据转换为3D可打印型号；改进的生物医学图像和文本的集成搜索和发现的方法；并为Trans-NIH BD2K计划提供了专业知识，以使研究数据更广泛和可发现。 健康数据标准：作为HHS中央互联体的临床术语标准，NLM为有意义地使用电子健康记录（EHR）和卫生系统互操作性提供了重要的工具。 NLM开发，支持或免费美国范围的许可证使用指定为美国健康信息交换标准的主要临床术语（RXNORM，LOINC，SNOMED CT）。统一的医学语言系统Metathesaurus拥有超过200个词汇的1300万个概念名称，是用于健康数据系统中使用的标准代码集和词汇的分销机制。在2016财年，NLM启动了NIH通用数据元素存储库，以促进数据共享和聚合；提供了用于数据元素协调的CDE工具；已发布更新的价值集，以支持CMS临床质量指标；启动了VSAC合作网站，以供作者合作；更新的词汇映射可用于实现有意义的用途；并增强了具有超过500,000个可植入设备记录的AccessGudid，以支持2018年认证的EHR技术交换植入设备信息的要求。