Epidemiology of zoonotic viruses in forest communities in a key biodiversity area of rural Myanmar

缅甸农村生物多样性关键地区森林群落中人畜共患病毒的流行病学

• 批准号: 9028320
• 负责人: Tierra Smiley Evans
• 金额: $ 11.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9028320
• 关键词: Acute; Agriculture; Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biodiversity; Birds; California; Camping; Cataloging; Catalogs; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Ecosystem; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Employee; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Focus Groups; Geographic Locations; Geography; Habitats; Harvest; Health; Human; Human Development; Immunity; Indigenous; Individual; Infection; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Institutes; International; Japanese Encephalitis; K-Series Research Career Programs; Mammals; Medical Research; Medicine; Mentorship; Molecular; Myanmar; Nipah Virus; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Resource Allocation; Risk; Risk Factors; Rural; SARS coronavirus; Sampling; Scientist; Serological; Site; Southeastern Asia; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Universities; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; Wild Animals; burden of illness; comparative; design; disorder risk; experience; forest; global health; healthcare community; high risk; human disease; infrastructure development; low income country; member; molecular diagnostics; next generation; next generation sequencing; novel virus; pandemic disease; pathogen; public health relevance; rural area; screening; skills; social; viral transmission; virology

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The majority of emerging infectious diseases originate in wildlife reservoirs and this is especially important in countries where human / wildlie contact is prevalent and disease diagnostics are limited. The risk for zoonotic viral disease presence and emergence increases in geographic areas with higher mammal diversity and ecosystem disruption. This makes Southeast Asia a hotspot for endemic and emerging zoonotic viruses, including those with pandemic potential such as SARS-associated coronavirus and influenza H5N1, as well as those causing regional outbreaks such as Nipah virus and Japanese encephalitis. Myanmar is hypothesized to be a key area for zoonotic viral emergence because its geography encompasses eight unique biodiversity areas that are rich in mammal and avian fauna and because it has recently undergone significant landscape changes through land conversion for agriculture and timber harvesting. Little is known about the types of zoonotic viruses circulating in rural forest communities and the human behaviors associated with wildlife contact that could be contributing to disease burdens. This International Research Scientist Career Development Award (K01) will provide Dr. Tierra Smiley Evans, a Post-doctoral DVM and infectious disease epidemiologist at the University of California Davis, the protected time to investigate zoonotic viral sharing between humans and wildlife within high-risk forest communities in a key biodiversity area of Myanmar. Molecular, serological and behavioral epidemiological approaches will be used to (1) investigate zoonotic virus spillover between wildlife and humans in a key biodiversity corridor and (2) identify key demographic, behavioral, geographic and species contact risk factors for zoonotic viruses in forest communities. The proposed K01 research, mentorship and training will provide Dr. Evans with the opportunity to expand her skills in (1) advanced epidemiological study design to investigate viral transmission dynamics between humans and animals, (2) advanced pathogen discovery including next-generation molecular and serological techniques, (3) applied behavioral epidemiology in an international field setting and (4) incorporating local partners and building lasting scientific collaborations which are essential to successful international research. Dr. Evans will engage in a five-year training program under the primary mentorship of the University of California Davis One Health Institute and Center for Comparative Medicine, the Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) Virology Research Division, and the Center for Infection and Immunity at Columbia University.

 描述（由申请人提供）：大多数新出现的传染病起源于野生动物储存库，这在人类/野生动物接触普遍且疾病诊断有限的国家尤其重要，在地理区域中人畜共患病毒性疾病存在和出现的风险增加。哺乳动物多样性较高，生态系统遭到破坏，这使得东南亚成为地方性和新兴人畜共患病毒的热点地区，包括具有大流行潜力的病毒，例如 SARS 相关冠状病毒和 H5N1 流感病毒，以及引起区域性疫情的病毒，例如缅甸被认为是人畜共患病毒出现的关键地区，因为其地理位置包括八个独特的生物多样性地区，富含哺乳动物和鸟类，而且最近由于土地转变为农业和鸟类而发生了重大的景观变化。人们对农村森林社区中传播的人畜共患病毒的类型以及可能导致疾病负担的与野生动物接触相关的人类行为知之甚少。加州大学戴维斯分校博士后 DVM 和传染病流行病学家 Smiley Evans 在受保护的时间里调查了缅甸关键生物多样性地区高风险森林群落内人类和野生动物之间的人畜共患病毒共享。行为流行病学方法将用于（1）关键生物多样性走廊中野生动物和人类之间的人畜共患病毒溢出；（2）确定森林群落中人畜共患病毒的关键人口、行为、地理和物种接触风险因素。 K01 研究、指导和培训将为 Evans 博士提供扩展以下方面技能的机会：(1) 高级流行病学研究设计，以调查人类和动物之间的病毒传播动态；(2) 高级病原体发现，包括下一代分子和血清学技术，（3）在国际现场环境中应用行为流行病学，（4）吸收当地合作伙伴并建立持久的科学合作，这对于成功的国际研究至关重要。埃文斯博士将在该中心的主要指导下参加为期五年的培训计划。加州大学戴维斯分校第一分校健康研究所和比较医学中心、医学研究部（下缅甸）病毒学研究部以及哥伦比亚大学感染和免疫中心。