Functional Architecture of Speech Motor Cortex

言语运动皮层的功能架构

• 批准号: 9205946
• 负责人: Edward Chang
• 金额: $ 109.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9205946
• 关键词: Acoustics; Acute; Address; Affect; Animal Model; Aphasia; Apraxias; Architecture; Area; Articulators; Auditory; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication impairment; Communities; Complex; Computer Simulation; Correlation Studies; Data; Dementia; Devices; Dimensions; Disease; Electrodes; Engineering; Ethics; Face; Functional disorder; Gestures; Goals; Human; Image Analysis; Imagery; Implant; Individual; Jaw; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Larynx; Learning; Left; Light; Linguistics; Lip structure; Machine Learning; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Monitor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Mutism; Nature; Nerve Degeneration; Neurobiology; Neurology; Neurosciences; Paralysed; Pattern; Physiology; Play; Population; Population Dynamics; Positioning Attribute; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Production; Property; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Signal Transduction; Site; Social isolation; Speech; Speech Sound; Stroke; Stuttering; System; Technology; Time; Tongue; Trauma; Ultrasonography; United States National Institutes of Health; base; cognitive control; cortex mapping; data sharing; density; experience; implantation; innovation; insight; kinematics; motor control; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neurosurgery; novel; relating to nervous system; relational database; research study; response; sound; spatiotemporal; temporal measurement; tool; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY Speaking is one of the most complex actions that we perform, yet nearly all of us learn do it effortlessly. The ability to communicate through speech is often described as the unique and defining trait of human behavior. Despite its importance, the basic neural mechanisms that govern our ability to speak fluently remain unresolved. This proposal addresses two fundamental questions at the crossroads of linguistics, systems neuroscience, and biomedical engineering: 1) How are the kinematic and acoustic targets of articulation represented in human speech motor cortex?, 2) What are the coordinated patterns of cortical activation that gives rise to fluent, continuous speech?, and 3) How does prefrontal cortex govern the cognitive inhibitory control of speech (e.g. stopping)? Our studies should greatly advance understanding of how the speech motor cortex encodes the precise control of articulation during speech production as well as determine whether this control system can be harnessed for novel rehabilitative strategies. Three potential areas of impact are: Neurobiology of Language, where results will shed light on neurophysiologic mechanisms of speech motor control; Human Neurophysiology, where insight gained may suggest novel methods for machine learning-based analyses of distributed population neural activity; and Translational NeuroEngineering, where utilization of novel cortical recording technologies at unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution and duration. We propose to investigate the functional organization of the speech motor cortex during controlled vowel and syllable productions, but also from natural, continuous speech. Our methods utilizing safe, high-density, large-scale intracranial electrode recordings in humans represent a significant advancement over current noninvasive neuroimaging approaches. To accomplish this, we must innovate new, integrative approaches to speech motor control research. We have assembled a team with significant multi- disciplinary strengths in neurosurgery, neurology, ethics, computational modeling, machine learning, neuroscience, engineering, and linguistics. The most debilitating aspect of profound paralysis due to trauma, stroke, or disease is loss of the ability to speak, which leads to profound social isolation. Our research leverages foundational knowledge gained during research piloted under a NIH New Innovator (DP2) award. We wish to broaden the impact of our research in the neurobiology of speech motor control.

项目摘要 说话是我们执行的最复杂的动作之一，但我们几乎所有人都毫不费力地学习了这一点。这 通过语音进行交流的能力通常被描述为人类行为的独特和定义的特征。 尽管它的重要性，但控制我们说话能力的基本神经机制仍然保持流利 未解决。该建议在语言学，系统的十字路口中解决了两个基本问题 神经科学和生物医学工程：1）运动学和声学目标如何 在人类语音运动皮层中表示？，2）皮质的协调模式是什么 激活产生流利，连续的语音？和3）前额叶皮层如何控制 对语音的认知抑制控制（例如停止）？我们的研究应该大大提高理解 语音运动皮层如何编码语音生产过程中关节的精确控制以及 确定该控制系统是否可以用于新颖的康复策略。三个潜力 影响领域是：语言的神经生物学，结果将阐明神经生理学 语音运动控制机制；人类神经生理学，获得的洞察力可能暗示新颖 基于机器学习的方法分布式人群神经活动的分析；和翻译 神经工程，在无与伦比的时空上利用新型皮质记录技术 分辨率和持续时间。我们建议调查语音运动皮层的功能组织 在受控的元音和音节作品中，也来自自然，连续的语音。我们的方法 利用人类中的安全，高密度，大规模的颅内电极记录代表着重要的 超过当前非侵入性神经影像学方法的进步。为了实现这一目标，我们必须创新新的， 语音运动控制研究的综合方法。我们已经组建了一个团队， 神经外科，神经病学，伦理，计算建模，机器学习，机器学习的纪律优势 神经科学，工程和语言学。由于创伤引起的深刻瘫痪的最令人衰弱的方面， 中风或疾病是说话能力的丧失，这导致了深刻的社会隔离。我们的研究 根据NIH新创新者（DP2）奖，在研究期间获得的基本知识。 我们希望扩大我们的研究对语音运动控制神经生物学的影响。