How stopping movement affects working memory

停止运动如何影响工作记忆

• 批准号: 8743097
• 负责人: Adam Robert Aron
• 金额: $ 16.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-30 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8743097
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Auditory; Basal Ganglia; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Data; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Figs - dietary; Hand; Implant; Interruption; Leg; Link; Measures; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Evoked Potentials; Movement; Parkinson Disease; Patients; Physiologic pulse; Psychiatry; Publishing; Scalp structure; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Skeletal Muscle; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stimulus; Structure of subthalamic nucleus; System; Systems Theory; Telephone; Testing; Time; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; base; cognitive neuroscience; experience; frontal lobe; healthy volunteer; indexing; innovation; memory process; muscular system; neuromechanism; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We all experience the sort of situation where, during a conversation, we are interrupted by a salient external signal (a 'novel'), e.g. a breaking window. We quickly orient to the novel, and then find that our train of thought, or more specifically our working memory (WM), has been interrupted. This proposal tests the theory that one reason for this WM decrement is because the salient stimulus activates the brain's motor stopping network, and this network has global effects on currently active motor and non-motor cortical contents. Based on our published and preliminary data we advance for the following neural systems model: a) novels act as stop signals, generating a rapid motor stop via the brain's global stopping network, b) this network is implemented via the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia, c) activation of the STN leads to a widespread pulse of suppression on thalamocortical drive, d) as all motor and non-motor representations (including WM) are partly sustained by thalamocortical drive, there is a temporary interruption which manifests as a WM decrement. Validating this model has far-reaching significance for better understanding the relationship between stopping and WM in cognitive psychology; for better understanding the relation between the 'over-stopped' state in PD and cognitive inflexibility, and for advancing a new theory of distractibility, relevant for psychiatry. We test the model in PD patients and in healthy volunteers. In PD patients we will examine how stopping affects WM while we simultaneously record local field potentials from implanted STN electrodes and scalp EEG from the frontal cortex. We expect that stopping-induced activity in the STN will correspond with reductions in the cortical marker for WM, thus linking the putative global STN stop signal with a decrement in WM. In healthy volunteers we will use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of motor cortex as a surrogate probe of the global STN stop signal. We expect that the degree of global motor suppression measured by this method will correspond with the decrement in WM induced by stop signal as well as novels.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们都经历过这样的情况：在谈话过程中，我们被显着的外部信号（“小说”）打断，例如一扇破碎的窗户我们很快就转向小说，然后发现我们的思路，或者更具体地说，我们的工作记忆（WM）被打断了。该提议测试了这样的理论：WM 减少的原因之一是显着刺激激活了大脑的运动停止网络，并且该网络对当前活跃的运动和非运动皮质内容具有全局影响。根据我们已发表的初步数据，我们提出了以下神经系统模型：a）小说充当停止信号，通过大脑的全局停止网络产生快速运动停止，b）该网络是通过大脑的底丘脑核（STN）实现的基底神经节，c) STN 的激活导致丘脑皮质驱动的广泛脉冲抑制，d) 因为所有运动和非运动表征（包括 WM）部分由丘脑皮质驱动维持，出现暂时中断，表现为 WM 减少。验证该模型对于更好地理解认知心理学中停止与WM的关系具有深远的意义；为了更好地理解帕金森病中的“过度停止”状态与认知僵化之间的关系，并提出与精神病学相关的新的注意力分散理论。我们在帕金森病患者和健康志愿者中测试了该模型。在 PD 患者中，我们将检查停止如何影响 WM，同时记录来自植入 STN 电极的局部场电位和来自额叶皮层的头皮脑电图。我们预计 STN 中停止诱导的活动将与 WM 皮质标记物的减少相对应，从而将假定的全局 STN 停止信号与 WM 的减少联系起来。在健康志愿者中，我们将使用运动皮层的经颅磁刺激作为全局 STN 停止信号的替代探针。我们期望通过这种方法测量的全局运动抑制程度将与停止信号以及小说引起的 WM 的减少相对应。

项目成果

Stop-related subthalamic beta activity indexes global motor suppression in Parkinson's disease.

• DOI: 10.1002/mds.26732
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 期刊: MOVEMENT DISORDERS
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Wessel, Jan R.;Ghahremani, Ayda;Udupa, Kaviraja;Saha, Utpal;Kalia, Suneil K.;Hodaie, Mojgan;Lozano, Andres M.;Aron, Adam R.;Chen, Robert
• 通讯作者: Chen, Robert