HOW INHIBITORY CONTROL MODIFIES STIMULUS VALUE AND MOTIVATION

抑制控制如何改变刺激价值和动机

• 批准号: 9270008
• 负责人: Adam Robert Aron
• 金额: $ 32.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9270008
• 关键词: Area; Automobile Driving; Beer; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Brain region; Cigarette; Clinical; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrocorticogram; Emotions; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gambling; Goals; Human; Hyperphagia; Image; Lead; Measures; Methods; Motivation; Motor; Neurosciences; Nicotine; Pathological Gambling; Phase; Property; Recruitment Activity; Research; Resolution; Response to stimulus physiology; Self-control as a personality trait; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Smoker; Stimulus; Subconscious; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; System; Testing; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Walking; Work; base; behavioral study; experimental study; follow-up; frontal lobe; insight; novel; prevent; programs; public health relevance; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Everyday acts of self-control directed at, for example, cigarettes, food, and gambling, depend, in part, on the ability to stop action. While much is known about action stopping in humans, real world self-control, as in the above examples, has a strong valuational or motivational component. Yet there is scant research on how motor stopping interacts with value/motivation. Our core hypothesis, based on preliminary data, is that motor stopping can reduce value and motivation. We will test three possible mechanisms based on our work with three kinds of stopping systems. Our first aim is to test how rapid stopping concurrently reduces stimulus value. We hypothesize that rapid stopping recruits a global stopping system that inhibits all currently active representations, including value. Testing this requires measuring global inhibition (with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, TMS), imaging the stopping system and value representations (with fMRI and Electrocorticography) and, above all, showing that brain regions critical for stopping are causally important for reducing value (using a novel form of Direct Electrical Stimulation, in humans). Our second aim is to examine how motivational stimuli, which generate action tendencies, are suppressed. Our hypothesis is that this is done by the selective stopping system that is set up according to a subject's goals in working memory and which can be triggered by the motivational stimulus itself. We will test this by measuring the temporal dynamics of motor activation and suppression with TMS, and using fMRI to examine the putative underlying fronto-striatal system. Our third aim is to leverage automatic stopping to reduce stimulus value and motivation. We hypothesize that repeated stopping (via training) generates stimulus stop-tag, so that when that stimulus occurs in the future it reactivates the stopping system (automatically), which then reduces stimulus value and motivation.

描述（由申请人提供）：针对卷烟，食物和赌博的自我控制的日常行为，部分取决于停止行动的能力。尽管在人类中停止行动众所周知，但现实世界的自我控制，如上面的示例中具有强大的估值或激励性成分。然而，关于电动机停止如何与价值/动机相互作用的研究很少。我们基于初步数据的核心假设是，电动机停止可以降低价值和动力。我们将根据三种停止系统的工作来测试三种可能的机制。我们的第一个目的是测试同时停止同时降低刺激值的迅速。我们假设快速停止招募一个全球停止系统，该系统抑制了当前所有主动表示，包括价值。测试这需要测量全局抑制（具有经颅磁刺激，TMS），成像停止系统和价值表示（具有fMRI和电皮质学），最重要的是表明，停止的大脑区域至关重要 直接电刺激的新形式，在人类中）。我们的第二个目的是研究如何抑制动机刺激的动机刺激。我们的假设是，这是由根据受试者在工作记忆中的目标建立的选择性停止系统来完成的，并且可以由动机刺激本身触发。我们将通过测量用TMS的运动激活和抑制的时间动力学，并使用fMRI检查假定的基础额叶纹状体系统来测试这一点。我们的第三个目标是利用自动停止来降低刺激价值和动力。我们假设重复停止（通过训练）会产生刺激停止标签，因此当刺激发生在将来时，它会重新激活停止系统（自动），从而降低刺激价值和动机。