HOW INHIBITORY CONTROL MODIFIES STIMULUS VALUE AND MOTIVATION

抑制控制如何改变刺激价值和动机

• 批准号: 9270008
• 负责人: Adam Robert Aron
• 金额: $ 32.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9270008
• 关键词: Area; Automobile Driving; Beer; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Brain region; Cigarette; Clinical; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrocorticogram; Emotions; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gambling; Goals; Human; Hyperphagia; Image; Lead; Measures; Methods; Motivation; Motor; Neurosciences; Nicotine; Pathological Gambling; Phase; Property; Recruitment Activity; Research; Resolution; Response to stimulus physiology; Self-control as a personality trait; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Smoker; Stimulus; Subconscious; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; System; Testing; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Walking; Work; base; behavioral study; experimental study; follow-up; frontal lobe; insight; novel; prevent; programs; public health relevance; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Everyday acts of self-control directed at, for example, cigarettes, food, and gambling, depend, in part, on the ability to stop action. While much is known about action stopping in humans, real world self-control, as in the above examples, has a strong valuational or motivational component. Yet there is scant research on how motor stopping interacts with value/motivation. Our core hypothesis, based on preliminary data, is that motor stopping can reduce value and motivation. We will test three possible mechanisms based on our work with three kinds of stopping systems. Our first aim is to test how rapid stopping concurrently reduces stimulus value. We hypothesize that rapid stopping recruits a global stopping system that inhibits all currently active representations, including value. Testing this requires measuring global inhibition (with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, TMS), imaging the stopping system and value representations (with fMRI and Electrocorticography) and, above all, showing that brain regions critical for stopping are causally important for reducing value (using a novel form of Direct Electrical Stimulation, in humans). Our second aim is to examine how motivational stimuli, which generate action tendencies, are suppressed. Our hypothesis is that this is done by the selective stopping system that is set up according to a subject's goals in working memory and which can be triggered by the motivational stimulus itself. We will test this by measuring the temporal dynamics of motor activation and suppression with TMS, and using fMRI to examine the putative underlying fronto-striatal system. Our third aim is to leverage automatic stopping to reduce stimulus value and motivation. We hypothesize that repeated stopping (via training) generates stimulus stop-tag, so that when that stimulus occurs in the future it reactivates the stopping system (automatically), which then reduces stimulus value and motivation.

描述（由申请人提供）：针对香烟、食物和赌博等日常自我控制行为部分取决于停止行为的能力。虽然人们对人类的行动停止了解很多，但现实世界的自我控制，如上面的例子，具有很强的价值或动机成分。然而，关于电机停止如何与价值/动机相互作用的研究还很少。基于初步数据，我们的核心假设是电机停止会降低价值和动力。我们将根据我们对三种停止系统的工作来测试三种可能的机制。我们的首要目标是测试快速停止同时降低刺激值的程度。我们假设快速停止会招募一个全局停止系统，该系统会抑制所有当前活跃的表征，包括价值。测试这一点需要测量整体抑制（使用经颅磁刺激，TMS），对停止系统和价值表示进行成像（使用功能磁共振成像和皮层电图描记术），最重要的是，表明对于停止至关重要的大脑区域对于降低价值具有重要的因果关系（使用 人类直接电刺激的新形式）。我们的第二个目标是研究产生行动倾向的动机刺激是如何被抑制的。我们的假设是，这是通过选择性停止系统来完成的，该系统是根据受试者在工作记忆中的目标而设置的，并且可以由动机刺激本身触发。我们将通过使用 TMS 测量运动激活和抑制的时间动态，并使用功能磁共振成像检查假定的潜在额纹状体系统来测试这一点。我们的第三个目标是利用自动停止来减少刺激价值和动机。我们假设重复停止（通过训练）会产生刺激停止标签，因此当未来发生该刺激时，它会重新激活停止系统（自动），从而降低刺激价值和动机。