The development and regulation of moral emotions

道德情感的发展与调节

• 批准号: 8784938
• 负责人: Chelsea A Helion
• 金额: $ 5.5万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-20 至 2017-08-19
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8784938
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Affective; Age; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Architecture; Area; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Cause of Death; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Cognitive Therapy; Conflict (Psychology); Coupled; Dancing; Depressive disorder; Development; Emotional; Emotions; Ensure; Evaluation; Feeling; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Homophobia; Homosexuality; Individual; Judgment; Learning; Life; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longevity; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Morals; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences; Outcome; Plant Roots; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychological Impact; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Risk; Schools; Severities; Social Behavior; Stress; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Victimization; Work; affective neuroscience; base; behavior measurement; bullying; cognitive neuroscience; completed suicide; emerging adult; emotion regulation; experience; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary approach; meetings; member; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; peer; perpetrators; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; social; social stigma; suicidal risk; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Whether it's being the victim, being the perpetrator, or having to watch this upsetting cycle of peer rejection and victimization, few adolescents are unaffected by bullying's harmful impact. This effect can last long past adolescence, as both being the bully and being the victim are linked to the development of both short- and long-term anxiety and depressive disorders. At some point during development, individuals begin to consider actions and behaviors that do not involve others being directly harmed to be morally wrong (e.g. homosexuality). In adults, this type of non-harm based moral condemnation is often underpaid by disgust, an emotion that has been linked to increased homophobic, sexist, and racist attitudes. However, when disgust begins to enter the moral toolbox and how it informs moral condemnation and social rejection within childhood and adolescence remains unknown. The goal of this project is to use an interdisciplinary approach to address this question, one that combines developmental, social cognitive and affective neuroscience. We will test a model that proposes that the relationship between disgust, moral condemnation, and social rejection is a learned one that reaches its peak during adolescence, a period marked by increased emotional reactivity and social hierarchical concerns. To test this model, we will use a converging methods approach that utilizes social-behavioral measures coupled with functional neuroimaging, across a wide developmental range (ages 6 to 25). In Study 1, we will examine how disgust sensitivity changes over time, and whether it is positively correlated with moral severity and reported peer rejection. In Study 2, we will use fMRI to look at the modulation of areas implicated in disgust by prefrontal regions linked to emotional regulation as individuals make socio-moral evaluations. We hypothesize that adolescents (as compared to children and adults) will be particularly impacted by disgust during socio-moral judgment, due to increased emotional reactivity coupled with relatively immature prefrontal regulatory regions. We further predict that, as disgust is a motivating emotion behind bullying behavior and the rejection of lower-status individuals, these behaviors will be more prevalent during adolescence. Both bullying and being bullied has been linked to long-term anxiety and depressive disorders, and adolescent victims of bullying behavior are at greater risk for committing suicide. Thus, gaining a better understanding of how moral condemnation and social rejection develops-and if the emotions that cause them can be successfully regulated-is of primary importance to curbing bullying behavior and its negative psychological and societal outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：无论是受害者，是肇事者，还是必须观察同伴拒绝和受害周期，很少有青少年不受欺凌的有害影响而影响。这种影响可以持续到青春期，因为是欺负者和受害者都与短期和长期焦虑和抑郁症的发展有关。在发展过程中的某个时刻，个人开始考虑不涉及他人直接伤害道德上错误的行为和行为（例如同性恋）。在成年人中，这种基于非障碍的道德谴责通常被厌恶而低估，这种情绪与同性恋，性别歧视和种族主义的态度有关。但是，当厌恶开始进入道德工具箱以及它如何告知儿童和青春期内的道德谴责和社会拒绝时，仍然未知。 该项目的目的是使用跨学科的方法来解决这个问题，一个 结合发展，社会认知和情感神经科学。我们将测试一个模型，该模型表明，厌恶，道德谴责和社会拒绝之间的关系是一个学识渊博的人，在青春期达到了高峰，这一时期以情绪反应性的增加和社会等级的关注为标志。 为了测试该模型，我们将使用一种融合的方法方法，该方法利用社会行为措施以及功能性神经影像学范围（6至25岁）。在研究1中，我们将研究厌恶敏感性如何随着时间而变化，以及它是否与道德严重程度和报道的同伴排斥反应呈正相关。在研究2中，我们将使用fMRI来查看对与情绪调节有关的前额叶区域涉及的区域的调节，因为个人进行了社会道德评估。我们假设青少年（与儿童和成人相比）在社会道德判断过程中将特别受到厌恶的影响，这是由于情绪反应性的提高以及相对不成熟的前额叶调节区。我们进一步预测，由于厌恶是欺凌行为背后的激励情绪和拒绝地位的人，因此在青春期中，这些行为将更加普遍。欺凌和被欺负都与长期焦虑和抑郁症有关，欺凌行为的青春期受害者有自杀的风险更大。因此，获得一个 更好地理解道德谴责和社会拒绝的发展以及导致他们的情绪是否可以成功地受到调节，这对于遏制欺凌行为及其负面的心理和社会成果至关重要。