Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms of Human Cognitive Control

人类认知控制的皮质和皮质下机制

基本信息

批准号：
8842958
负责人：
SUSAN M COURTNEY-FARUQEE
金额：
$ 57.54万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-08-01 至 2017-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8842958
关键词：
Adult Affect Alcohol dependence Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Basal Ganglia Base of the Brain Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Paradigm Brain Brain Injuries Brain region Clinical Clinical Research Cognition Cognitive Conflict (Psychology)Corpus striatum structure Cues Dopamine Drug Addiction Ensure Equilibrium Event Faculty Failure Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Future Goals Grant Health Human Huntington Disease Image Impairment Knowledge Lead Learning Light Link Maintenance Measures Memory Methods Mind Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Parkinson Disease Pattern Performance Play Positron-Emission Tomography Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Predisposition Preparation Process Psyche structure Publications Publishing Reaction Time Recording of previous events Reporting Research Resolution Rewards Role Running Schizophrenia Short-Term Memory Signal Transduction Stimulus Stroke Structure System Techniques Testing Time base behavior measurement behavioral response cognitive control cognitive function design distraction dopamine system executive function experience flexibility insight neuroimaging novel operation psychologic relating to nervous system research study response

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a resubmission application for a Competing Renewal of a currently funded grant (R01-DA13165-10). The overall aim of this project is to investigate the psychological and neural basis of human cognitive control in healthy adults. Since the last competing review of this project, we have published 19 refereed publications that have elucidated the mechanisms of cognitive control in attention shifting and task switching using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and suitably designed behavioral paradigms. Successful cognitive control requires both stability (maintained states of attention and memory despite distraction) and flexibility (to rapidly reconfigure attention and cognition in light of ongoing events). The proposed project will further explore these issues using novel methods and with a focus on both cortical and subcortical brain mechanisms. Aim 1 investigates purely voluntary acts of control-that is, task switching that is not prompted by a cue, but instead results from a purely voluntary decision. We will use a novel multivariate pattern analysis method we have developed (Multivoxel Pattern Time Course or MVPtc) that dynamically tracks multivoxel patterns of brain activity-and the corresponding states of attention or task engagement they engender-as these states unfold over time. This method permits us to relate brain activity with patterns of behavioral performance, as well as to explore functional connectivity within brain circuits that are associated with these cognitive states. In Aim 2 we examine the role of the basal ganglia in cognitive flexibility and stability during task switching, using both BOLD fMRI and PET dopamine imaging. We will elaborate upon recent evidence for the role of the basal ganglia- and specifically the dopamine system-in nonmotoric acts of cognitive control. Finally, in Aim 3, we will examine failures of cognitive control when distracting stimuli impair perceptual performance, with a particular emphasis on the role of experienced value and reward history on the degree to which a stimulus may capture attention. Using MVPtc, we will track fluctuations in the susceptibility to distraction by salient perceptual events or by stimuli previously associated with reward, and we will measure the degree to which top-down control can modulate attentional capture. Finally, we will use parallel PET dopamine imaging and BOLD fMRI to measure changes in striatal dopamine release evoked by salient or high-value stimuli, and correlate this with behavioral measures of distraction. Together these experiments will provide new insights about the brain mechanisms of cognitive control, a core human mental faculty that is subject to debilitating impairment due to afflictions such as drug and alcohol addiction, schizophrenia, Parkinson's and Huntington's Disease, OCD, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This project will contribute to the basic-research foundation for clinical research into the causes and treatment of executive function impairments.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是对当前资助的赠款（R01-DA13165-10）进行竞争续订的重新提交申请。该项目的总体目的是研究健康成年人人类认知控制的心理和神经基础。自从对该项目进行了上次竞争评论以来，我们发表了19个指导出版物，这些出版物阐明了使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和适当设计的行为范式在注意力转移和任务切换中的认知控制机制。成功的认知控制需要稳定性（尽管干扰了注意力，但仍保持关注状态和记忆力）和灵活性（以鉴于正在进行的事件来快速重新配置注意力和认知）。拟议的项目将使用新方法进一步探索这些问题，并着重于皮质和皮层脑机制。 AIM 1调查了纯粹的控制行为，即，任务切换不是由提示引起的，而是纯粹是由纯粹自愿的决定而导致的。我们将使用我们开发的新型多元模式分析方法（多毒素模式时间课程或MVPTC），该方法动态跟踪大脑活动的多毒素模式以及相应的关注状态或任务参与度的状态，因为这些状态会随着时间的推移而展开。这种方法允许我们将大脑活动与行为性能的模式联系起来，并探索与这些认知状态相关的脑电路中的功能连通性。在AIM 2中，我们使用大胆的fMRI和PET多巴胺成像研究了基底神经节在任务切换过程中认知灵活性和稳定性中的作用。我们将详细说明基底神经节的作用，尤其是多巴胺系统中的非动作态度的认知对照行为的最新证据。最后，在AIM 3中，我们将在分散刺激障碍的感知表现时检查认知控制的失败，并特别强调经验丰富的价值和奖励历史的作用在刺激可能吸引注意力的程度上。使用MVPTC，我们将跟踪明显感知事件或以前与奖励相关的刺激的敏感性的波动，我们将衡量自上而下的控制可以调节注意力的注意力。最后，我们将使用平行的PET多巴胺成像和大胆的fMRI来测量由显着或高价值刺激引起的纹状体多巴胺释放的变化，并将其与分心的行为衡量相关。这些实验将共同提供有关认知控制的大脑机制的新见解，这是一种核心人类精神教师，受到因毒品和酒精成瘾，精神分裂症，帕金森氏症和亨廷顿氏病，强迫症和注意力不足多动障碍等苦难而导致的损害。该项目将为对执行功能障碍的原因和治疗的临床研究基础基础提供贡献。