Impact of Marijuana Policies on Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Mortality

大麻政策对饮酒和酒精相关死亡率的影响

• 批准号: 10265590
• 负责人: Timothy Simonds Naimi
• 金额: $ 59.34万
• 依托单位: BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10265590
• 关键词: AODR mortality; Accounting; Address; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Adopted; Adult; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Cessation of life; Data Set; Data Sources; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Drug usage; Environment; Health; Heavy Drinking; Heterogeneity; Homicide; Individual; Injury; Marijuana; Measures; Medical; Medical Marijuana; Methods; Nature; Outcome; Policies; Policy Developments; Policy Making; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Series; Suicide; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Update; Variant; Violence; Work; Youth; addiction; alcohol effect; alcohol involvement; alcohol measurement; base; binge drinking; experience; improved; innovation; interest; marijuana use; mortality; population based; public policy on alcohol; substance use; underage drinking

Alcohol use by youth and excessive alcohol use by adults are associated with multiple consequences. In terms of associations with alcohol, marijuana use is a risk factor for youth drinking, binge drinking, and crash fatalities involving alcohol. Therefore, the liberalization of marijuana policy among U.S. states may impact alcohol use, alcohol-related mortality, and the concurrent use of alcohol and marijuana. However, existing research about the impact of marijuana policies on alcohol use and related outcomes is limited and inconsistent, and has not accounted for the heterogeneity of marijuana policies, or fully accounted for the effect of alcohol policies. The objective of this proposal is to assess the impact of the liberalization of marijuana policies on individual-level alcohol use, concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana, and alcohol-related crash fatalities, suicides and homicides. We will address past research limitations by developing and testing a series of state- level marijuana policy measures that incorporate aspects of multiple marijuana policy domains (decriminalization, medical use, recreational use), and the policies and provisions within those domains. We will then select measures based on their ability to explain variance in marijuana use outcomes. The methods to develop marijuana policy measures will be similar to those used by our research team to successfully develop the `Alcohol Policy Scales'. The scales, which generated more valid predictions (based on goodness-of-fit) of alcohol-related outcomes compared with simpler measures, will be used in conjunction with the marijuana policy measures to fully account for both groups of policies in analyses. Our specific aims are to: Aim 1: a) Develop comprehensive measures of marijuana policies, and b) determine their relationships with marijuana use among youth and adults. Aim 2: a) Determine relationships between alcohol and marijuana policies across and within states over time; and b) assess how accounting for alcohol policies influences marijuana policy- marijuana use relationships. Aim 3: Determine relationships of marijuana policies with alcohol use measures and alcohol-related crash fatalities, suicide and homicide among youth and adults, while accounting for alcohol policies. We will examine: a) the independent effects of marijuana policies; and b) whether marijuana policies modify the relationships between alcohol policies and alcohol use and mortality outcomes. Aim 4: Assess how both alcohol and marijuana policies relate to the concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana, concurrent use disorder, treatment for concurrent use disorder, and crash fatalities involving both substances among youth and adults. Although we are interested in the effects of state-level policies, we will be examining individual-level outcomes with large population-based data sources including NSDUH, YRBS, FARS, and NVDRS from 1999-2018. The development of more comprehensive measures of the marijuana policy environment for use in conjunction with our measures of the alcohol policy environment is innovative, will overcome limitations of existing research, and will inform policy development and improve public health.

青少年饮酒和成人过量饮酒会带来多种后果。就条款而言 在与酒精的关联中，吸食大麻是青少年饮酒、酗酒和车祸死亡的一个危险因素 涉及酒精。因此，美国各州大麻政策的自由化可能会影响酒精的使用， 与酒精相关的死亡率以及同时使用酒精和大麻。然而，现有的研究关于 大麻政策对饮酒和相关结果的影响有限且不一致，并且没有 解释了大麻政策的异质性，或者完全解释了酒精政策的影响。这 该提案的目的是评估大麻政策自由化对个人层面的影响 饮酒、同时使用酒精和大麻以及与酒精相关的事故死亡， 自杀和他杀。我们将通过开发和测试一系列状态来解决过去的研究局限性 纳入多个大麻政策领域各个方面的大麻政策措施 （非刑事化、医疗用途、娱乐用途）以及这些领域内的政策和规定。我们 然后将根据解释大麻使用结果差异的能力来选择措施。方法 制定大麻政策措施将类似于我们的研究团队成功开发大麻所使用的政策措施 “酒精政策量表”。生成更有效预测（基于拟合优度）的量表 与更简单的措施相比，与酒精相关的结果将与大麻一起使用 政策措施，以在分析中充分考虑两组政策。我们的具体目标是： 目标 1：a) 制定大麻政策的综合措施，并 b) 确定其与大麻的关系 在青少年和成人中使用。目标 2：a) 确定各地酒精和大麻政策之间的关系 以及随着时间的推移在各州内部； b) 评估酒精政策的核算如何影响大麻政策- 大麻使用关系。目标 3：确定大麻政策与饮酒措施的关系 青少年和成人中与酒精相关的车祸死亡、自杀和他杀，同时考虑酒精 政策。我们将研究：a）大麻政策的独立影响； b) 是否有大麻政策 改变酒精政策与酒精使用和死亡率结果之间的关系。目标 4：评估如何 酒精和大麻政策都涉及同时使用酒精和大麻， 同时使用障碍、同时使用障碍的治疗以及涉及两种物质的事故死亡 在青少年和成人中。尽管我们对国家级政策的影响感兴趣，但我们将研究 通过基于人口的大量数据源（包括 NSDUH、YRBS、FARS 和 1999 年至 2018 年的 NVDRS。制定更全面的大麻政策措施 与我们的酒精政策环境措施相结合的使用环境是创新的，将 克服现有研究的局限性，并将为政策制定和改善公共卫生提供信息。

项目成果

Current U.S. State Cannabis Sales Limits Allow Large Doses for Use or Diversion.

目前美国各州的大麻销售限制允许大剂量使用或转移。

• 发表时间: 2021
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo;Blanchette, Jason G;Lira, Marlene C;Smart, Rosanna;Naimi, Timothy S
• 通讯作者: Naimi, Timothy S

Relationships Between Alcohol and Cannabis Policies in U.S. States, 1999-2019.

1999-2019 年美国各州酒精和大麻政策之间的关系。

• 发表时间: 2024-03
• 作者: Naimi, Timothy S;Lira, Marlene C;Pessar, Seema Choksy;Smart, Rosanna;Blanchette, Jason;Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo
• 通讯作者: Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo

Relationships of Cannabis Policy Liberalization With Alcohol Use and Co-Use With Cannabis: A Narrative Review.

大麻政策自由化与饮酒和大麻共同使用的关系：叙事回顾。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo;Smart, Rosanna;Lira, Marlene C;Pessar, Seema Choksy;Blanchette, Jason G;Naimi, Timothy S
• 通讯作者: Naimi, Timothy S

Rating the comparative efficacy of state-level cannabis policies on recreational cannabis markets in the United States.

评估州级大麻政策对美国休闲大麻市场的比较功效。

• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 作者: Blanchette, Jason G;Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo;Smart, Rosanna;Lira, Marlene C;Boustead, Anne E;Caulkins, Jonathan P;Kilmer, Beau;Kerr, William C;Treffers, Ryan;Naimi, Timothy S
• 通讯作者: Naimi, Timothy S

Lira and Naimi Respond.

莉拉和奈米回应。

• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 影响因子: 12.7
• 作者: Lira, Marlene C;Naimi, Timothy S
• 通讯作者: Naimi, Timothy S