Detection Of Drugs Of Abuse In Alternative Biological Fluids And Tissues

检测替代生物液体和组织中的滥用药物

• 批准号: 8148502
• 负责人: MARILYN A HUESTIS
• 金额: $ 21.78万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8148502
• 关键词: Biological; Liquid substance; Substance Abuse Detection; Tissues

Drug testing of biological specimens such as urine, oral fluid, sweat and hair provides an objective means of diagnosing drug use and monitoring subjects in treatment. Traditionally, urine testing has been used, but this technology has limitations. In a series of ongoing studies, a variety of alternative biological fluids and tissues are evaluated for usefulness in monitoring individual patterns of substance abuse. Clinical studies were designed to determine the identity, concentration, time course, dose dependency and variability of drug and metabolite excretion in urine, plasma, oral fluid, sweat, skin, sebum, nails, cord blood, and hair following administration of single and multiple doses of drugs of abuse to human subjects. Each biological specimen appears to be unique and offers a somewhat different pattern of information regarding drug use over time. For example, hair testing offers the possibility of detecting drug use that could have occurred within a period of several months and could be useful in monitoring individuals in long-term treatment and in prevalence studies. In contrast, oral fluid offers a short term measure of drug exposure that may correlate more closely with some drug concentrations in blood and with drug-induced effects. Sweat can be used for monitoring over a period of 1-2 weeks. Oral fluid, hair and sweat testing for drugs of abuse are currently under consideration for federally mandated drug testing programs, and are being employed more commonly in workplace, criminal justice, treatment and military drug testing programs. There may also be disadvantages associated with the use of a particular biological matrix. Basic pharmacological properties such as dose-concentration and concentration-time relationships are evaluated in our research. Overall, each biological matrix shows promise of revealing useful information regarding an individual's drug exposure history. Analysis of drugs in alternative matrices requires development of sensitive, selective and specific chemical methods for the detection and quantification of drugs and metabolites. Analytical procedures are continually evaluated for improving the detection and quantification of parent drug and metabolic products of cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, cannabinoids and nicotine in blood, plasma, sweat, oral fluid, urine, skin, sebum and hair.

对尿液，口腔液，汗水和头发等生物标本的药物测试提供了一种客观的方法，可以诊断药物使用和监测治疗中的受试者。传统上，已经使用了尿液测试，但是该技术有局限性。在一系列正在进行的研究中，评估了多种替代生物流体和组织，以便监测滥用药物的单个模式。临床研究旨在确定尿液，血浆，口服液体，汗水，皮肤，皮肤，指甲，指甲，脐带血和头发在给予人类受试者的单一和多剂量的药物后，药物和代谢产物排泄的身份，浓度，时间过程，剂量依赖性以及药物和代谢产物排泄的变异性。每个生物标本似乎都是独一无二的，并且提供了有关药物使用的信息模式。例如，头发测试提供了可能在几个月内发生的可能发生的药物使用的可能性，并且在监测长期治疗和患病率研究中可能很有用。相比之下，口服液提供了短期的药物暴露度量，这可能与血液中的某些药物浓度和药物诱导的作用更紧密相关。汗液可用于监测1-2周的时间。 目前正在考虑针对联邦授权的药物测试计划的口服液体，头发和汗水测试，并正在考虑使用，并且在工作场所，刑事司法，治疗和军事药物测试计划中更常用。使用特定的生物基质也可能存在缺点。在我们的研究中评估了基本的药理特性，例如剂量浓度和浓度时间关系。总体而言，每个生物基质都显示出有关揭示有关个人药物暴露史的有用信息的希望。对替代矩阵中的药物进行分析需要开发敏感，选择性和特定的化学方法，以检测和定量药物和代谢产物。不断评估分析程序，以改善可卡因，阿片类药物，甲基苯丙胺，大麻素和尼古丁的父母药物和代谢产物的检测和定量，血浆，血浆，汗水，口服液体，尿液，尿液，皮肤，皮肤和头发。