Detection Of Drugs Of Abuse In Alternative Biological Fluids And Tissues

检测替代生物液体和组织中的滥用药物

• 批准号: 8336426
• 负责人: MARILYN A HUESTIS
• 金额: $ 40.7万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8336426
• 关键词: Behavior; Biological; Blood; Body Fluids; Cannabinoids; Chemicals; Chemistry; Clinical Research; Cocaine; Criminal Justice; Databases; Dependency; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Disadvantaged; Dose; Drug Exposure; Drug Kinetics; Drug Monitoring; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Excretory function; Goals; Hair; Individual; Liquid substance; Measures; Metabolic; Methamphetamine; Methods; Military Personnel; Monitor; Nail plate; Nicotine; Opiates; Oral; Pain management; Parents; Pattern; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacodynamics; Physiological; Plasma; Prevalence Study; Procedures; Property; Recording of previous events; Research; Sebum; Series; Skin; Specimen; Substance abuse problem; Sweat; Sweat test; Sweating; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Umbilical Cord Blood; Urine; Workplace; design; driving under influence; drug metabolism; drug of abuse; drug testing; human subject; improved; programs

Drug testing of biological specimens such as urine, oral fluid, sweat and hair provides an objective means of diagnosing drug use and monitoring subjects in treatment. Traditionally, urine testing has been used, but this technology has limitations. In a series of ongoing studies, a variety of alternative biological fluids and tissues are evaluated for usefulness in monitoring individual patterns of substance abuse. Clinical studies were designed to determine the identity, concentration, time course, dose dependency and variability of drug and metabolite excretion in urine, plasma, oral fluid, sweat, skin, sebum, nails, cord blood, and hair following administration of single and multiple doses of drugs of abuse to human subjects. Each biological specimen appears to be unique and offers a somewhat different pattern of information regarding drug use over time. For example, hair testing offers the possibility of detecting drug use that could have occurred within a period of several months and could be useful in monitoring individuals in long-term treatment and in prevalence studies. In contrast, oral fluid offers a short term measure of drug exposure that may correlate more closely with some drug concentrations in blood and with drug-induced effects. Sweat can be used for monitoring over a period of 1-2 weeks. Oral fluid, hair and sweat testing for drugs of abuse are currently under consideration for federally mandated drug testing programs, and are being employed more commonly in workplace, criminal justice, treatment and military drug testing programs. There may also be disadvantages associated with the use of a particular biological matrix. Basic pharmacological properties such as dose-concentration and concentration-time relationships are evaluated in our research. Overall, each biological matrix shows promise of revealing useful information regarding an individual's drug exposure history. Analysis of drugs in alternative matrices requires development of sensitive, selective and specific chemical methods for the detection and quantification of drugs and metabolites. Analytical procedures are continually evaluated for improving the detection and quantification of parent drug and metabolic products of cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, cannabinoids and nicotine in blood, plasma, sweat, oral fluid, urine, skin, sebum and hair.

对尿液、口腔液、汗液和头发等生物样本进行药物检测提供了诊断药物使用和监测治疗对象的客观手段。传统上，人们使用尿液检测，但该技术有局限性。在一系列正在进行的研究中，评估了各种替代生物液体和组织在监测个体药物滥用模式方面的有用性。临床研究旨在确定单次和多次给药后尿液、血浆、口腔液、汗液、皮肤、皮脂、指甲、脐带血和头发中药物和代谢物排泄的特性、浓度、时程、剂量依赖性和变异性。人类受试者滥用药物的剂量。每个生物样本似乎都是独一无二的，并且随着时间的推移提供了一些不同模式的有关药物使用的信息。例如，头发测试提供了检测几个月内可能发生的药物使用的可能性，并且可用于监测长期治疗和患病率研究中的个体。相比之下，口腔液提供了药物暴露的短期测量方法，可能与血液中的某些药物浓度以及药物引起的作用更密切相关。汗液可用于监测 1-2 周。 目前正在考虑将口腔液、头发和汗液检测滥用药物纳入联邦强制药物检测项目，并且在工作场所、刑事司法、治疗和军事药物检测项目中更广泛地采用。还可能存在与使用特定生物基质相关的缺点。我们的研究评估了剂量-浓度和浓度-时间关系等基本药理学特性。总体而言，每种生物基质都有望揭示有关个人药物暴露史的有用信息。对替代基质中的药物进行分析需要开发灵敏、选择性和特异性的化学方法来检测和定量药物和代谢物。不断评估分析程序，以改进血液、血浆、汗液、口腔液、尿液、皮肤、皮脂和头发中可卡因、阿片剂、甲基苯丙胺、大麻素和尼古丁的母体药物和代谢产物的检测和定量。