Comparative Genomics

比较基因组学

• 批准号: 8158048
• 负责人: DAVID J. LIPMAN
• 金额: $ 19.59万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8158048
• 关键词: comparative genomics

Recent advances in DNA sequencing techniques have led to the determination of many entire genome sequences. New insights into the biological functions and evolution of these organisms has been gained from this information. A new qualitatively different kind of analysis is possible with complete genome sequence data - that is, the evaluation of apparently missing genes and the potential consequences of their loss on the biology of the organism. To systematically identify potentially missing genes one must first classify genes from a number of organisms into groups of orthologs. Orthologs are genes from different organisms derived from the same gene in the closest common ancestor of these organisms. They are thus the genes most likely to perform biologically similar functions and often share the greatest sequence similarity. Once these classifications are made, one simply examines the phylogenetic pattern in the ortholog groups to identify potentially lost genes in the studied organism as compared to the reference organisms. In addition, global properties of proteins may be studied from a genomic perspective, for example, the relationship of sequence length and conservation. These approaches may also be used to study bacterial and viral pathogens. We will be focussing initially on influenza virus and using complete genome sequence to better understand the epidemiology and natural history of the virus. This understanding may be useful in improving surveillance, formulating vaccines, and preparing for pandemics.

DNA测序技术的最新进展导致了许多整个基因组序列的确定。从这些信息中获得了对这些生物的生物学功能和进化的新见解。通过完整的基因组序列数据可以进行新的定性分析，即对看来缺失基因的评估以及它们对生物体生物学的损失的潜在后果。要系统地识别潜在缺失的基因，必须首先将许多生物的基因分类为直系同源物组。直系同源物是来自这些生物最接近的祖先中同一基因的不同生物体的基因。因此，它们是最有可能执行生物学相似功能的基因，并且通常具有最大的序列相似性。一旦进行了这些分类，就可以简单地检查直系同源群中的系统发育模式，以鉴定研究生物体中潜在损失的基因与参考生物相比。 此外，可以从基因组角度研究蛋白质的全球性质，例如序列长度和保守的关系。 这些方法也可用于研究细菌和病毒病原体。 我们最初将专注于流感病毒，并使用完整的基因组序列更好地了解病毒的流行病学和自然史。 这种理解可能有助于改善监视，制定疫苗和准备大流行。