Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity in Hispanic-American Preschoolers

西班牙裔美国学龄前儿童的社区环境和体育活动

基本信息

批准号：
7790057
负责人：
Teresia Margareta O'Connor
金额：
$ 21.53万
依托单位：
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-04-01 至 2012-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7790057
关键词：
5 year old Acculturation Adult Affect Age American Area Behavior Caregivers Censuses Characteristics Child Childhood Cognitive Communities Complement Consent Country Crime Data Development Educational Intervention Endocrine System Diseases Environment Environmental Risk Factor Epidemic Equipment Ethnic group Evaluation Family Focus Groups Future Goals Health Insurance Health behavior outcomes High Prevalence Hispanic Americans Informal Social Control Insurance Coverage Interview Knowledge Latino Lead Life Life Style Location Measurement Measures Mediating Metabolic Modeling Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Neighborhoods Not Hispanic or Latino Nursery Schools Obesity Overweight Patient Self-Report Physical activity Physical environment Plague Play Population Positioning Attribute Preschool Child Property Psychometrics Questionnaires Recreation Recruitment Activity Risk Role Safety Sampling Social Environment Structure System Testing Texas Time age group base cohesion combat demographics diaries early childhood environmental intervention neighborhood safety obesity in children obesity prevention public health relevance social social cognitive theory socioeconomics trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Hispanic Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the US and the group with the highest prevalence of obesity across all ages. Obesity prevention needs to start from early childhood through the promotion of an active lifestyle. Although there is growing empirical support for associations between aspects of the physical and social environments and physical activity (PA) behavior, these issues, as they pertain to Hispanic-American (HA) children, remain understudied. Many HA children live in unsafe and under-resourced communities and have no health insurance coverage. Hence, it is particularly urgent to conduct a systematic evaluation of modifiable environmental facilitators and deterrents of PA relevant to this segment of the population. Such evaluation needs to start with the development of a culturally-sensitive model of environment- PA relationships and relevant measures. The present study aims to 1) identify primary caregivers' practices and aspects of the neighborhood environment that potentially influence the PA behavior of HA preschool children, and 2) develop measures of the social and physical environments, and locations where PA occurs, that will permit a rigorous study of environmental influences on PA in this population segment. Sixty-four HA primary caregivers of 3-to-5 year old children will participate in structured focus groups aimed at identifying key aspects of 1) caregivers' practices related to preschoolers' PA, 2) the neighborhood social environment, 3) perceived neighborhood safety, 4) places for PA, 5) and active-play equipment. This information will be used to develop questionnaires of these five concepts. Qualitative cognitive interviews will be conducted on another sample of 20 HA primary caregivers in order to refine the newly-developed questionnaires. Census block groups in urban Houston (Texas) will be screened and selected for study based on percentage of HA residents, availability of recreation space, and neighborhood safety (risk of crime and traffic safety). A sample of 240 HA primary caregivers of preschool children will be recruited from the selected areas. They will complete the newly-developed questionnaires. Half of these primary caregivers (n=120) will be asked for consent to their child's participation in the study. Children's PA will be measured for four days using small activity monitors. Locations of PA will be recorded using compact Global Positioning System monitors and caregivers' diaries. Data on family socio-demographics, acculturation, familism, and ethno-cultural identity will also be collected. The proposed trans-disciplinary project team combines expertise in measurement development and study of obesity, physical activity, parental practices, and built environment factors proposed to be related to PA in HA preschoolers. This project will identify family and neighborhood characteristics contributing to PA in HA preschoolers to guide future environmental and educational interventions aimed at combating the obesity plague in the HA ethnic group from early life. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in this country, especially among Hispanic American children. This project will identify primary caregivers' and neighborhood characteristics contributing to obesity in Hispanic-American preschoolers. This knowledge will guide future environmental and educational interventions aimed at combating the obesity plague in the Hispanic-American ethnic group from early life.

描述（由申请人提供）：西班牙裔美国人是美国成长最快的族裔之一，在所有年龄段的肥胖症患病率最高。预防肥胖需要从幼儿期开始，从而促进积极的生活方式。尽管对身体和社会环境方面与体育活动（PA）行为之间的关联的经验支持越来越大，但这些问题与西班牙裔美国人（HA）儿童有关，但仍在研究中。许多HA儿童生活在不安全和资源不足的社区中，没有健康保险。因此，对与这一人群有关的PA的可修改环境促进者和威慑者进行系统评估尤其迫切。这种评估需要从开发对环境关系和相关措施的文化敏感模型的发展。本研究的目的是1）确定可能影响HA学龄前儿童PA行为的邻里环境的主要护理人员的实践和各个方面，以及2）制定衡量社会和身体环境的衡量标准，以及发生PA的位置，这将允许严格研究该人群中对PA的环境影响。 3至5岁儿童的64公顷初级护理人员将参加旨在确定关键方面的结构化焦点小组，以确定1）护理人员的实践与学龄前儿童有关的实践，2）邻里社会环境，3）感知到的邻里安全，4）PA，5）和活跃的设备。这些信息将用于开发这五个概念的问卷。为了完善新发达的问卷调查，将对另一个20公顷的主要护理人员的样本进行定性认知访谈。将根据HA居民的百分比，娱乐空间的可用性和邻里安全（犯罪和交通安全的风险），将筛选并选择在得克萨斯州Urban Houston（得克萨斯州）的人口普查集团。将从选定地区招募240公顷的学龄前儿童初级护理人员。他们将填写新发达的问卷。这些主要护理人员中有一半（n = 120）将同意他们的孩子参与研究。使用小型活动监测器将测量儿童PA四天。 PA的位置将使用紧凑的全球定位系统监视和护理人员的日记记录。还将收集有关家庭社会人口统计学，培养，家族主义和民族文化认同的数据。拟议的跨学科项目团队在肥胖，体育锻炼，父母实践和建筑环境因素方面结合了专业知识，并提议与HA学龄前儿童有关。该项目将确定为HA学龄前儿童提供促成PA的家庭和邻里特征，以指导未来的环境和教育干预措施，旨在打击早期族裔群体中肥胖症瘟疫的。公共卫生相关性：儿童肥胖在这个国家达到了流行病，尤其是在西班牙裔美国儿童中。该项目将确定主要护理人员和邻里特征，导致西班牙裔美国人学龄前儿童的肥胖症。这些知识将指导未来的环境和教育干预措施，旨在打击早期西班牙裔美国人群体中肥胖症的瘟疫。