Neural Plasticity in the Adult Gustatory System

成人味觉系统的神经可塑性

• 批准号: 8007573
• 负责人: DAVID L HILL
• 金额: $ 42.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8007573
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Animal Model; Anorexia; Anterior; Appearance; Area; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cell Count; Cellular Structures; Characteristics; Code; Coronary Arteriosclerosis; Coupled; Cyclophosphamide; Denervation; Dependence; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Sodium; Epithelium; Event; Excision; Genetic Recombination; Goals; Health; Human; Hypertension; Individual; Injury; Maintenance; Maps; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Morphology; Mus; Natural regeneration; Nerve; Nerve Regeneration; Nervous system structure; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Nucleus solitarius; Obesity; Oral Surgical Procedures; Otologic Surgical Procedures; Pathology; Peripheral; Plastics; Play; Population; Process; Rattus; Receptor Cell; Recovery; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Role; Sensory; Structure; Structure of geniculate ganglion; System; Taste Bud Cell; Taste Buds; Taste Perception; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tissues; Tongue; Vertebrates; afferent nerve; chorda tympani; ganglion cell; middle ear; nerve supply; neurophysiology; public health relevance; receptor; regenerative; reinnervation; relating to nervous system; research study; response; restoration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The dependence of taste buds on innervation has been used as a model to understand nerve/target interactions. Loss of innervation results in a loss of the normal morphological appearance of taste buds, while restoration of innervation results in a recovery of taste bud morphology and function. The adult regenerating gustatory system is especially susceptible to environmental manipulations. In addition to injury-induced effects related to the peripheral portion of the chorda tympani nerve, there are also extreme morphological changes that involve the central portion of the sectioned nerve. Collectively, these findings show that the adult peripheral and central gustatory system is especially plastic at adulthood. Coordinated studies will focus on the injury-induced plasticity in gustatory neurons at their peripheral and central targets. To begin addressing candidate mechanisms that may underlie these events, a key focus of proposed studies is to examine the role of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on maintaining the morphological and functional characteristics of gustatory neurons at adulthood, and on degenerative/regenerative processes that are attendant to sectioning the chorda tympani nerve (CTX). Combined anatomical, neurophysiological, molecular genetic, and cellular/molecular techniques in experiments using rats and mice sustaining unilateral CTX will permit us to: 1) determine the CTX-induced functional plasticity in the NST by recording central taste responses while stimulating individual, distinct taste receptor populations; 2) determine how maintenance of the peripheral and central gustatory system is altered when BDNF is removed from lingual epithelia at adulthood, and how this removal affects CTX-induced degeneration and regeneration of the system, and 3) determine how maintenance and CTX-induced degeneration and regeneration of the peripheral and central gustatory system is affected when BDNF is removed from most tissues at adulthood, including lingual epithelia, the geniculate ganglion, and the NST. Findings from these studies will address the broader topics of sensory coding, the role of neural activity in maintenance of sensory function, and the temporal stability and accuracy of peripheral innervation under normal circumstances and in response to nerve damage. Results will also enable a clearer understanding of the neurobiological sequelae of human taste nerve damage sustained pathologically, or during middle ear or oral surgery. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative: The sense of taste plays a key role in a number of human conditions that include obesity, diabetes, anorexia, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. As such, the gustatory system plays an important role in human health. The goal of this research is to examine how the structure and function of the gustatory system is altered following cutting a taste nerve in animal models, and reflect consequences in humans attendant to pathology, middle ear surgery, or oral surgery.

描述（由申请人提供）：味蕾对神经的依赖性已用作了解神经/目标相互作用的模型。神经支配的丧失导致味蕾正常形态外观的丧失，而神经支配的恢复导致味蕾的形态和功能的恢复。成人再生味道系统特别容易受到环境操作的影响。除了损伤引起的作用与Chorda鼓神经的周围部分相关的作用外，还存在极端的形态变化，涉及截面神经的中心部分。总的来说，这些发现表明，成人外围和中央味道系统在成年期尤其是塑料。 协调的研究将集中在其外周和中心靶标的损伤神经元中的损伤诱导的可塑性上。要开始解决可能是这些事件基础的候选机制，提出的研究的一个重点是检查脑衍生的神经营养因子（BDNF）在崇拜中味道神经元的形态学和功能特征方面的作用，以及在分区contympani tympani neverver（Ctympani n N.在实验中，使用大鼠和维持单侧CTX的小鼠在实验中结合了解剖学，神经生理学，分子遗传和细胞/分子技术，将使我们能够：1）确定CTX诱导的功能可塑性，通过记录中心口味响应，同时刺激单独的味觉受体群体，通过记录中心口味响应。 2）确定当BDNF从成年时从语言上皮中删除时如何改变周围和中央味道系统的维护，以及这种去除如何影响CTX诱导的系统的变性和再生，以及3）确定在维持和CTX诱导的系统中，demand和Cempripers gusteral tecriped iS系统如何因素而造成了缘故的腹膜，并构成了腹膜的临时。成年，包括舌上皮，统一的神经节和NST。 这些研究的发现将介绍更广泛的感觉编码的主题，神经活动在维持感官功能中的作用以及在正常情况下的时间稳定性和外周神经的准确性以及对神经损伤的响应。结果还将使人们能够更清楚地了解人类味道神经损伤的神经生物学后遗症，或者在中耳或口腔手术期间受到的持续性。 公共卫生相关性： 项目叙事：味道感在包括肥胖症，糖尿病，厌食症，高血压和冠状动脉疾病在内的许多人类状况中起着关键作用。因此，味道系统在人类健康中起着重要作用。这项研究的目的是研究在动物模型中切割味道神经后，味觉系统的结构和功能如何改变，并反映了人类对病理学，中耳手术或口腔手术的后果。