The Bases Of Normal And Disordered Laryngeal And Speech Systems

正常和紊乱的喉部和言语系统的基础

基本信息

批准号：
7735283
负责人：
Christy Leslie Ludlow
金额：
$ 199.97万
依托单位：
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7735283
关键词：
Adult Affect Anesthesia procedures Animal Vocalization Area Auditory Auditory area Behavior Bilateral Brain Childhood Childhood Stuttering Chloralose Communication Condition Coughing Crying Development Developmental Stuttering Disease Dopamine Dopamine Antagonists Dopamine D1 Receptor Dopamine D2 Receptor Dorsal Emotional Event Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Gastrocnemius Muscle Gestures Handedness Human Infant Insula of Reil Laryngeal Diseases Laryngeal muscle structure Larynx Laughter Left Limb structure Measures Motor Motor Neurons Muscle Muscle Tonus Nervous System Physiology Neuraxis Neurologic Pain Parkinson Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Pathogenesis Patients Pattern Perception Peripheral Pharmaceutical Preparations Physiology Production Purpose Raspberries Rattus Relative (related person)Reporting Research Respiration Response Latencies Rest Right-On Role Saline Sampling Secondary to Sensory Side Spastic Dysphonias Speech Speech Disorders Speech Perception Speech Sound Stereotyping Stream Structure Structure of superior laryngeal nerve Stuttering Symptoms System Thinking Thyroarytenoid Muscle Tongue Tremor Voice Voice Disorders base blood oxygen level dependent early childhood eticlopride improved motor control nervous system disorder neuroimaging neuromechanism neuropathology neuroregulation neurotransmission phonology pleasure putamen relating to nervous system response sound speech processing vocalization

项目摘要

In the last year we have completed two functional neuroimaging studies examining the central control of vocalization during the perception and production of speech and non-speech sounds. A great deal of controversy in the field has developed around the possibility that the neural control for human speech involves specialized brain mechanisms that have emerged separate from animal vocalizations. In mammalian communication stereotyped cries are used to warn of danger, isolation cries of infants, and to express pain and pleasure. This system is also present in humans as well as speech for communication. In this study, event related functional MRI with sparse sampling measured blood oxygenation dependent levels in the emotional vocalization systems and the cortical speech system during perception, planning and production of two sets of behaviors, speech and non-speech. For speech we used nonsense syllables /bem/-/dauk/, /hik/-/ld /, /saip/-/kuf/, /lok/-/chim/, and /raig/-/sot/, devoid of lexicality and following the rules of English phonology. For non-speech we used familiar sounds such cough-sigh, sing (/a/ on a tone)-raspberry, kiss-snort, laugh-tongue click, and whistle-cry. Results showed substantial activation overlap between speech and non-speech brain activation in regions supporting auditory-motor integration in the left hemisphere. Both the speech and non-speech tasks produced the same pattern of brain activation primarily in the left hemisphere involving the frontal operculum and the temporoparietal structures previously reported to support speech production. Although non-speech showed greater extent and amplitude of activation in the regions examined, both speech and non-speech showed comparable left laterality in activation for perception and production. These findings posit a more general role of the auditory dorsal stream in the left hemisphere in supporting vocal tract gestures with auditory targets that are not limited to speech processing. The Section has focused for many years on two idiopathic speech disorders that are thought to be neurological based; developmental stuttering and spasmodic dysphonia. Both are task specific disorders only affecting speech in that emotional vocalization such as cry, laughter and shout are not affected and symptoms are apparent only during speech for communication. In stuttering, speech is dysfluent for communication purposes while singing and other vocalizations are not affected. We hypothesized that the pattern of brain activation would be altered from normal in adults who stutter during the perception, planning and production of speech but not during asymptomatic perception, planning and production of non-speech vocalizations. During both speech and non-speech perception and planning, stuttering speakers had less activation relative to controls in the frontal and temporoparietal regions. During speech and non-speech production, the stuttering speakers had less activation in the left STG, and the left pre-motor areas (BA 6), but had greater activation relative to controls in the right STG, bilateral HG, insula, putamen, and precentral motor regions (BA 4). The results demonstrated decreased sensorimotor activation during the perception and planning of both speech and non-speech targets in stuttering speakers. During speech and non-speech production, the stuttering speakers had increased activation in primary and secondary auditory areas particularly on the right but less activation in the sensory and motor regions in the left hemisphere. These results were similar for both speech and nonspeech, demonstrating that neural activation differences in stuttering speakers are not speech-specific. Several voice disorders may develop secondary to dopamine depletion. Hypophonia is a common early symptom in Parkinson disease (PD) and spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a voice disorder with laryngeal hypertonicity. Some patients first develop SD with PD emerging several years later suggesting that SD may be an early manifestation of partial dopamine depletion. Our aim is to determine the effects of dopamine neurotransmission blockade on the laryngeal physiology induced by selective dopamine receptor antagonists; SCH 23390 a specific D1 receptor antagonist, eticlopride a specific D2 receptor antagonist and when combined (SCH23390 + eticlopride) in the rat. Under alpha-chloralose anesthesia, the laryngeal thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles and the gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were recorded while stimulating either side of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve containing afferents for the laryngeal adductor response to elicit the laryngeal adductor response (LAR) in 5 conditions: pre-saline (1), post-saline (2), pre-drug (3, either SCH23390, eticlopride or SCH23390+eticlopride), 5min post-drug (4) and 1hr post-drug (5). Our results showed resting activity of the TA muscles increased significantly in the SCH23390 group but not in other two groups and no changes in GN muscle tone were found. LAR latency decreased (P < 0.01) and magnitude increased (P<0.01) in both SCH23390 and SCH23390+eticlopride groups, but no changes occurred in the eticlopride group. This study demonstrated that D1 receptor neurotransmission, but not D2, serves to suppress laryngeal muscle activity, reduce the amplitude and delay muscle responses to afferent input making the system less responsive to sensory triggers in the upper airway. In addition, effects of D1 receptors on laryngeal motor neurons differed from limb muscles. The results suggest that consideration should be given to selective modulation of D1 receptors for the treatment of laryngeal disorders in parkinsonism, and might improve hypophonia in these patients.

去年，我们完成了两项功能性神经影像学研究，研究了在语音和非语音声音的感知和产生过程中发声的中心控制。该领域的广泛争议围绕着人类言语的神经控制涉及与动物发声分开的专业大脑机制的可能性。在哺乳动物的交流中，刻板印象被用来警告危险，孤立的婴儿哭泣以及表达痛苦和愉悦。该系统也存在于人类中以及沟通的语音中。在这项研究中，在情绪发声系统中测量了血液氧合水平的相关功能MRI和在感知，计划和生产两组行为，语音和非语音的过程中，在情绪发声系统中测量了血液氧合水平。在语音中，我们使用了无意的音节/bem/ - /dauk/，/hik/ - /ld/，/saip/ - /kuf/，/kuf/，/lok/ - /chim/ - 和/raig/sot/ - - sot/ - sot/sot/sot/sot/sot/sot/sot/sot/sot of Elxicality and遵守英语语音的规则。对于非言论，我们使用了熟悉的声音，例如咳嗽，唱歌（/ a/ on the tone） - 落叶，亲吻刺，笑声敲击和吹口哨。结果表明，在支持左半球的听觉运动整合的地区，语音和非语音脑激活之间的大量激活重叠。语音和非语音任务都产生了相同的大脑激活模式，主要是在左半球涉及额叶operculum和先前报道以支持语音产生的颞叶结构。尽管非语音在所检查的地区显示出更大的程度和振幅，但语音和非语音均显示出感知和产生的激活中的左侧左侧。这些发现表明，听觉背流在左半球中具有更普遍的作用，它具有不限于语音处理的听觉目标的声音手势。该部分已将重点放在两个特发性语音障碍上，这些言语障碍被认为是基于神经系统的。发育口吃和痉挛性吞咽困难。两者都是特定于任务的疾病，仅影响语音，因为哭泣，笑声和呼喊等情绪发声不会受到影响，并且只有在沟通语音期间才有症状。在口吃中，言语是出于沟通目的的言语失调，而唱歌和其他发声不受影响。我们假设，在感知，计划和生产语音的成年人中，大脑激活的模式将与正常情况改变，但在无症状的感知，计划和生产非语音发声过程中不会改变。在语音和非语音的感知和计划中，相对于额叶和颞叶的控制，口吃的扬声器的激活较小。在语音和非语音生产过程中，口吃的扬声器在左STG和左运动前区域的激活较少（BA 6），但相对于右STG，双侧HG，Insula，putamen，putamen和腹膜前运动区域的对照组的激活较大（BA 4）。结果表明，在口吃扬声器中语音和非语音目标的感知和计划期间，感觉运动激活下降。在语音和非语音生产过程中，口吃的扬声器在原发性和次要听觉区域的激活增加，尤其是在右侧，但在左半球的感觉和运动区域的激活较少。这些结果对于语音和非语言都是相似的，表明口吃扬声器中的神经激活差异不是语音特定的。几种语音疾病可能发展为多巴胺耗竭。低音症是帕金森病（PD）和痉挛性吞咽困难（SD）的常见早期症状，是一种具有喉部高渗性的语音疾病。几年后，一些患者首先出现了随着PD的形式发展SD，这表明SD可能是部分多巴胺消耗的早期表现。我们的目的是确定多巴胺神经传递阻断对选择性多巴胺受体拮抗剂诱导的喉种生理学的影响； SCH 23390特定的D1受体拮抗剂，Etetlopride A特定的D2受体拮抗剂，当在大鼠中合并（SCH23390 + Eteticlopride）时。在α-氯拉糖麻醉下，记录了喉甲状腺炎（TA）肌肉和胃肌（GN）肌肉，同时刺激上喉神经的内部分支的任何一侧，含有喉神经的上分支的任何一侧，含有喉部载体响应的laryngeal添加剂响应（1）含量（1）。（2），前药物（3，SCH23390，ETECLOPRIDE或SCH23390+ETECLOPRIDE），5分钟后毒品后（4）和1小时后毒品（5）。我们的结果表明，在SCH23390组中，TA肌肉的静息活性显着增加，但在其他两组中没有发现GN肌肉张力的变化。在SCH23390和SCH23390+Eteticlopride组中，LAR潜伏期降低（P <0.01），幅度增加（P <0.01），但Eteticlopride组没有发生变化。这项研究表明，D1受体神经传递（而不是D2）可以抑制喉肌活动，减少振幅并延迟对传入输入的肌肉反应，从而使系统对上部气道中的感觉触发器的反应较低。另外，D1受体对喉运动神经元的影响与肢体肌肉不同。结果表明，应考虑对D1受体的选择性调节，以治疗帕金森氏症的喉部疾病，并可能改善这些患者的低音。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（35）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The effect of surface electrical stimulation on vocal fold position.

表面电刺激对声带位置的影响。

DOI：
10.1097/mlg.0b013e318155a47d
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
The Laryngoscope
影响因子：
0
作者：
Humbert,IanessaA;Poletto,ChristopherJ;Saxon,KeithG;Kearney,PamelaR;Ludlow,ChristyL
通讯作者：
Ludlow,ChristyL

Acoustic measures of symptoms in abductor spasmodic dysphonia.

外展肌痉挛性发声困难症状的声学测量。