The Neural Organization of Tool Use Actions in Humans

人类工具使用行为的神经组织

• 批准号: 7916516
• 负责人: SCOTT H FREY
• 金额: $ 14.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7916516
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Activities of Daily Living; Address; Adult; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebrum; Clinical; Cognitive; Contralateral; Data; Development; Disease; Eating; Employee Strikes; Event; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hand; Hominidae; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior; Injury; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Left cerebral hemisphere; Limb structure; Literature; Lobule; Mainstreaming; Manuals; Mechanics; Modeling; Motor Neurons; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurosciences; Parietal; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pattern; Peripheral; Play; Process; Property; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Role; Self-Help Devices; Specific qualifier value; Spinal Cord; Spinal cord injury; Stroke; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Toothbrushing; Upper Extremity; Work; Writing; base; cooking; experience; grasp; improved; insight; motor disorder; neglect; neural prosthesis; neuromechanism; neuroprosthesis; nonhuman primate; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; skills; tool; toothbrush

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As modern humans, a vast number of our daily activities (e.g., cooking and eating, writing, brushing teeth, etc.) involve the skillful use of manual tools and utensils. Thus, the consequences of brain injuries or diseases that compromise these behaviors are often devastating. Yet, strikingly little is known about the neural mechanisms responsible for these abilities. The overarching goal of this project is to advance our understanding of these neural mechanisms and the roles they play in activities of daily living (ADLs). Rapid, event-related, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to achieve three specific aims that arise from a neurally-plausible model of tool use in human and non-human primates: 1) determine the relationship between neural representations involved in manual prehension versus grasping with a mechanical "hand," and specify how these change with experience. 2) Determine the neural substrates involved in grasping objects on the basis of their 3-D structural properties versus knowledge of their functions and uses. 3) Determine the cerebral organization of everyday uni- and bi-manual tool use skills and their relationship to well-established skills that do not involve tools. These studies address a fundamental aspect of everyday human behavior, tool use, that has been all but overlooked in the mainstream psychological and neuroscience literatures. Our techniques distinguish effectively between processes involved in action organization (planning) versus execution. Emphasis is placed on identifying reliable individual differences in neural representations as well as common features in group data. Left-handed as well as right-handed participants are included. Left-handers are often neglected in behavioral and functional imaging research, yet the way that they acquire and represent manual skills may differ from right-handers in ways that are of both theoretical and clinical importance. Results of this work will have relevance to understanding and improving the rehabilitation of injuries/diseases that compromise (ADLs) involving tools and other manipulable objects, including: Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVAs), spinal cord injuries, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Results are also relevant to the development of cognitive neuroprostheses and other assistive technologies.

描述（由申请人提供）：作为现代人类，我们的大量日常活动（例如，烹饪和饮食，写作，刷牙等）涉及手动工具和餐具的熟练使用。因此，损害这些行为的脑损伤或疾病的后果通常是毁灭性的。然而，对于负责这些能力的神经机制知之甚少。该项目的总体目标是促进我们对这些神经机制及其在日常生活（ADL）中扮演的角色的理解。快速，与事件相关的功能磁共振成像（FMRI）用于实现三个特定的目标，这些特定目标是由人类和非人类灵长类动物中的神经可靠的工具使用模型产生的：1）确定与手动预性涉及的神经表示与机械“手”的掌握和特定在经验上的关系。 2）根据其3-D结构属性与知识的功能和用途，确定与对象相关的神经底物。 3）确定日常单和手动工具使用技能的大脑组织及其与不涉及工具的良好技能的关系。这些研究涉及日常人类行为，工具使用的一个基本方面，这些方面几乎在主流心理和神经科学文献中被忽略了。我们的技术有效地区分了行动组织（计划）与执行中所涉及的过程。重点放在识别神经表示中可靠的个体差异以及组数据中的共同特征上。包括左撇子和右撇子参与者。在行为和功能成像研究中，左撇子经常被忽略，但是他们获得和代表手动技能的方式可能以理论和临床重要性的方式与右撇子不同。这项工作的结果将与理解和改善损害/疾病的康复有关（ADL）的康复（ADL），涉及工具和其他可操纵物体，包括：脑血管事故（CVA），脊髓损伤，脊髓伤害，多发性硬化症（MS）和帕克森病（PD）（PD）。结果也与认知神经植物和其他辅助技术的发展有关。