Ventral and dorsal visual streams in action planning

行动计划中的腹侧和背侧视觉流

• 批准号: 6438364
• 负责人: SCOTT H FREY
• 金额: $ 15.22万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-12-14 至 2005-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6438364
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; eye movements; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; mathematical model; memory; neural information processing; psychomotor function; psychophysics; transcranial magnetic stimulation; visual perception; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; eye movements; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; mathematical model; memory; neural information processing; psychomotor function; psychophysics; transcranial magnetic stimulation; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Scott H. Johnson, Ph.D. was trained as a cognitive psychologist and has established an active research program in object perception and prehension. The purpose of this award is to allow Scott to develop additional knowledge, skills and experience necessary to pursue both the behavioral and neural bases of these processes. This goal will be undertaken with the support and supervision of sponsor Scott G. Grafton and co-sponsors Nancy G. Kanwisher, Andrew Barto. Functional MRI, and psychophysical studies will take place at the the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at Dartmouth College where Scott is currently a Research Assistant Professor. Additional training will be pursued through Dr. Barto?s computational motor lab at the University of Massachusetts and Dr. Kanwisher?s lab at M.I.T. The proposed research plan describes a series of studies designed to increase our understanding the contributions of the human ventral and dorsal visual streams to the planning of visually-guided actions; i.e., tool prehension and manipulation. These experiments employ a variety of strategies (event-related fMRI, psychophysics, and computational modeling) to evaluate hypotheses motivated both by computational considerations and what is currently known about the functional architecture of the visual and motor systems. It is well-established that extrastriate visual areas of primates are organized into two primary streams of processing: an occipital-temporal (i.e., ventral) stream, and an occipital-parietal (i.e., dorsal) stream. Reciprocal connections exist between areas within these streams, and both pathways provide visual input to regions of prefrontal cortex that are involved in working memory and planning. At present, the functional significance of this organization for human behavior is not well-understood, and remains a source of active debate. Recent evidence from electrophysiology and neuroimaging point to the inadequacies of current theories, and suggest that areas within both streams may be considerably more interactive than previously supposed. Based on preliminary results, the present studies will evaluate an alternative model in which areas within the human dorsal and ventral streams are said to interact directly--via reciprocal interconnections, and/or indirectly-- through feedback from the prefrontal structures, during action planning.

描述（由申请人提供）：Scott H. Johnson博士接受过认知心理学家的培训，并在对象感知和预性方面建立了积极的研究计划。该奖项的目的是允许斯科特（Scott）发展额外的知识，技能和经验，以追求这些过程的行为和神经基础。这个目标将在赞助商Scott G. Grafton和 共同赞助商Nancy G. Kanwisher，安德鲁·巴托（Andrew Barto）。功能性MRI，心理物理研究将在达特茅斯学院的认知神经科学中心进行，斯科特目前是研究助理教授。 Barto博士将进行其他培训 马萨诸塞大学的计算机实验室和M.I.T.的Kanwisher博士实验室 拟议的研究计划描述了一系列研究，旨在提高我们的理解人类腹侧和背视觉流对视觉引导动作计划的贡献；即工具的预性和操纵。这些实验采用了各种策略（与事件相关的fMRI，心理物理学和计算建模）来评估以计算考虑因素以及目前对视觉和运动系统功能架构的了解的假设。公认的是，灵长类动物的外部视觉区域被组织成两个主要的加工流：枕静脉（即腹侧）流和枕叶 - 长尾（即背侧）流。这些流中的区域之间存在相互连接，两种途径为参与工作记忆和计划的前额叶皮层区域提供了视觉输入。目前，该组织对人类行为的功能意义尚未得到充分理解，并且仍然是积极辩论的根源。来自电生理学和神经影像学的最新证据表明当前理论不足，并表明这两种流中的区域可能比以前预期的更具互动性。基于初步结果，本研究将评估一种替代模型，在该模型中，人类背和腹侧流中的区域被认为是直接相互作用的 - 视频相互连接和/或间接通过前额叶结构的反馈，在前室内和/或间接相互作用。 行动计划。