Project 6: Nanomaterial Design for Environmental Health and Safety

项目6：环境健康与安全的纳米材料设计

• 批准号: 7623390
• 负责人: Robert H. HURT
• 金额: $ 20.71万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7623390
• 关键词: Address; Adsorption; Antioxidants; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Bioavailable; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Testing; Breathing; Carbon; Carbon Nanotubes; Cell Proliferation; Chromates; Collaborations; Complex; Copper; Data; Dermal; Development; Diagnostic; Drug Formulations; Educational Intervention; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring; Excision; Folate; Funding; Gases; Goals; Health; Hydrophobic Surfaces; Ingestion; Iron; Joints; Lead; Liquid substance; Mercury; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Movement; Nanotechnology; Nanotubes; Nickel; Oxides; Ozone; Performance; Phase; Physiological; Process; Protocols documentation; Reaction; Research; Rhode Island; Risk; Role; Safety; Selenium; Silver; Stream; Stress; Structure; Sulfur; Superfund; Surface; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Water; Yttrium; alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate; aqueous; base; catalyst; design; end of life; hazard; mercury release; metal poisoning; nano; nanomaterials; nanoparticle; nanoparticulate; nanoscale; nanoscience; nanostructured; nanotoxicity; new technology; next generation; novel; oxidation; programs; remediation; response; surfactant; tool; vapor

New nanomaterials offer promise as enabling components in next-generation environmental technologies, but may also pose health risks of their own through unintended exposure. Project 6 uses modern methods of nanosynthesis to create, characterize, and formulate new materials for study of both their implications and applications to environmental health and safety. In the initial funding period, a panel of nanomaterial and nanostructured material sorbents was created and evaluated for capture of vapor phase mercury. Ozone-treated carbon and nanoscale Ag, Cu, Ni, S, and Se were shown to have much higher adsorption capacities than conventional versions of the same materials, and one nanosorbent formulation (unstabilized, amorphous nano-selenium) had fifty-fold higher activity than any sorbent commercially available today. The renewal will investigate the detailed mechanisms of Hg/nanomaterial reactions with emphasis on creating new technologies for aqueous-phase mercury removal in collaboration with Project 5 and new technologies for managing the mercury released from fluorescent lamps that break during handling, use, or end-of-life disposal. In the area of nanotechnology implications, techniques were developed to quantify metal bioavailability and identify the role of hydrophobic surface area in the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Research was also carried out on safer nanomaterial formulations including new purification protocols that detoxify nanotubes through targeted removal of bioavailable metal, functionalization of nanotubes to suppress folate adsorption that inhibits cell proliferation, and the use of TPGS as a new anti-oxidant surfactant for "green" aqueous nanotube processing, all in close collaboration with Project 2. In the next funding period, we hypothesize that the biological response to nanoscale nickel, nickel oxide, chromate, and Ni/Y-containing carbon nanotubes will depend on size, surface state, and specific formulation. Alternative formulations will be prepared through annealing, oxidation, purification, and covalent and noncovalent surface modification, and the behavior of the materials will be studied in complex biological and environmental fluid phase simulants. A joint goal of Projects 2, 4, and 6 is to understand the materials and molecular bases for nanotoxicity through iterative nanomaterial formulation and biological testing. It is anticipated that this iterative and collaborative process will lead to nanomaterial structure/activity relations and general rules for safe nanomaterial design.

新的纳米材料提供了希望在下一代环境中实现组件 技术，但也可能通过意想不到的接触构成自己的健康风险。项目6使用 现代的纳米合成方法来创建，表征和制定新材料，以研究两者 它们对环境健康和安全的影响和应用。 在最初的资金期间，创建了一组纳米材料和纳米结构的材料吸附剂 并评估以捕获蒸汽相汞。臭氧处理的碳和纳米级AG，CU，NI，S和 SE被证明比相同材料的常规版本具有更高的吸附能力， 一种纳米吸附剂（未稳定的无定形纳米固有）的活性比 今天有吸附的商业可用。续订将研究的详细机制 HG/纳米材料反应，重点是为去除水性汞的新技术创建新技术 与项目5和新技术合作管理荧光释放的汞 在处理，使用或寿命末期破裂的灯。 在纳米技术的含义中，开发了量化金属生物利用度的技术 并确定疏水表面积在碳纳米管毒性中的作用。研究也是 在更安全的纳米材料配方上进行，包括新的纯化方案，使纳米管排毒 通过靶向去除生物利用金属，纳米管的功能化以抑制叶酸吸附 这会抑制细胞增殖，并使用TPG作为“绿色”水性的新型抗氧化剂表面活性剂 纳米管处理，都与项目2密切合作。 在下一个资金期间，我们假设对纳米级镍氧化镍的生物反应， 铬酸盐和含Ni/Y的碳纳米管将取决于大小，表面状态和特定配方。 将通过退火，氧化，纯化以及共价和非共价制备替代配方 表面修饰，材料的行为将在复杂的生物学和 环境流体相模拟物。项目2、4和6的共同目标是了解材料和 通过迭代纳米材料制剂和生物学测试，分子碱基质量碱基。这是 预计这种迭代和协作过程将导致纳米材料结构/活动关系 和安全纳米材料设计的一般规则。