Neural Mechanisms Subserving Deficits in High-Risk Youth

弥补高危青少年缺陷的神经机制

• 批准号: 7908696
• 负责人: AMY E LANSING
• 金额: $ 15.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7908696
• 关键词: Adult; Amygdaloid structure; Area; Attention; Award; Brain; California; Cerebrum; Child Abuse and Neglect; Competence; Consultations; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Educational Activities; Ethics; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Image; Knowledge; Language Disorders; Learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Memory; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Mentorship; Names; Neurocognitive; Nucleus Accumbens; Performance; Physics; Population; Public Policy; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reproduction; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Scientist; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Training; Training and Education; Traumatology; Universities; Visuospatial; Vulnerable Populations; Youth; anti social; base; career development; cost; frontal lobe; functional disability; gray matter; high risk; juvenile justice system; maltreatment; neural circuit; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neuropsychological; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; responsible research conduct; skills; social; visual memory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this Mentored Research Scientist Career Development (K01) Award is for the candidate to gain new skills so that she may become an independent researcher in the area of neuroimaging, particularly with respect to understanding the neurobehavioral profile associated with maltreated youth who gain the repeated attention of the Juvenile Justice system. This aim will be accomplished through a program of combined education and training at the University of California, San Diego, and the completion of an imaging research project on lifecourse persistent delinquents with (LCPD+) and without (LCPD-) child maltreatment histories. The candidate's major training goals are to develop her proficiency in the utilization of structural (sMRI) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with a focus on elucidating how brain activity in specific neuroanatomical regions is altered in LCPD+ relative to LCPD- youth and to gain increased competence in the responsible conduct of research. To achieve these goals, the candidate will participate in educational activities and formal coursework in her department as well as mentorship and consultation with experts in the fields of neuroimaging (MRI physics, fMRI experimental research design, imaging data analysis), child maltreatment, developmental traumatology and the ethical conduct of research with vulnerable populations. The proposed research will examine how neurocognitive [NC] deficits, especially executive dysfunction and verbal deficits thought to be prevalent in these populations, are related to specific neural circuitry in LCPD youth compared to matched healthy control subjects and to: 1) characterize the NC profiles of 120 LCPD+, LCPD- and healthy youth; 2) elucidate the neural bases of NC deficits in a subset of these youth (n=55), 3) determine the magnitude of the relationship between observed neural mechanisms and performances on traditional neuropsychological measures and 4) preliminarily investigate NC correlates of functional impairment in LCPD youth. At the end of the award period, the candidate expects to possess the skills necessary to be an independent neuroimaging research investigator, to have received funding as an independent investigator; and to become a leader in the application of neuroimaging techniques to the scientific study of maltreated and delinquent youth. Given the social and fiscal costs associated with maltreatment and delinquency, this program of research holds significant potential for public policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项受过指导研究科学家职业发展（K01）奖的总体目的是供候选人获得新技能，以便她成为神经影像领域的独立研究人员，尤其是在了解与虐待的年轻人相关的神经行为概况方面，他们重复关注了少年司法系统的重复关注。这一目标将通过在加利福尼亚大学，圣地亚哥分校的联合教育和培训计划来实现，并完成了一项关于生命之后的成像研究项目，该项目持续使用（LCPD+），没有（LCPD-）儿童虐待历史。候选人的主要培训目标是发展她在结构（SMRI）和功能性磁共振成像（FMRI）的利用方面的熟练程度，重点是阐明LCPD+相对于LCPD-Youth的LCPD+在LCPD-青年中改变特定神经植物学区域的大脑活动的改变，并获得了与LCPD青年相关的，并获得了负责任的研究的增加的能力。为了实现这些目标，候选人将参加她的部门的教育活动和正式课程，以及与神经影像学领域的专家进行指导和咨询（MRI物理学，fMRI实验研究设计，成像数据分析），儿童虐待，发展性创伤学和与可爱人群的研究的宗旨。拟议的研究将研究神经认知[NC]缺陷，尤其是这些人群中被认为普遍存在的执行功能障碍和言语缺陷如何与LCPD青年的特定神经回路相关，而与匹配的健康对照组相比，与：1）表征：1）表征120 LCPD+，LCPD+，LCPD，LCPD和健康的青年的NC特征。 2）在这些年轻人的子集中阐明了NC缺陷的神经碱基（n = 55），3）确定在传统神经心理学指标上观察到的神经机制与表现之间的关系的大小，而4）初步研究LCPD青年功能障碍的NC相关性。在奖励期结束时，候选人希望拥有成为独立神经成像研究者所必需的技能，以获得独立调查员的资金；并成为应用神经影像技术在虐待和犯罪青年科学研究中的领导者。鉴于与虐待和犯罪有关的社会和财政成本，该研究计划具有巨大的公共政策潜力。