Stem cell regulation in the wasp Copidosoma floridanum

黄蜂 Copidosoma floridanum 的干细胞调节

• 批准号: 7781392
• 负责人: Margaret Snoke Smith
• 金额: $ 4.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7781392
• 关键词: Ablation; Affect; Animal Model; Castes; Categories; Cell Lineage; Cells; Cytoplasm; Defect; Development; Developmental Process; Disease; Drosophila melanogaster; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Employee Strikes; Evolution; Exhibits; Future; Genes; Genetic Materials; Germ; Germ Cells; Germ Lines; Goals; Homologous Gene; Individual; Infertility; Insecta; Larva; Life; Link; Literature; Maintenance; Molecular; Morphology; Organism; Oviposition; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Process; Regulation; Relative (related person); Reproduction; Research; Rest; Role; Scientist; Signal Transduction; Soldier; Somatic Cell; Stem cells; Sterility; Structure of primordial sex cell; Testing; Tissues; Totipotent Stem Cells; Wasps; Work; base; cell type; design; egg; interest; next generation; offspring; progenitor; reproductive; self-renewal; sperm cell; stem cell niche

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The capacity of stem cells to self renew and differentiate into additional cell types has made them a subject of great interest to life scientists. Germline stem cells are a category of stem cells that give rise only to cells associated with the germline, including egg and sperm, and thus are also important for developmental reasons. Germline stem cells have historically proven challenging to study because of their scarcity in organisms. Copidosoma floridanum, a parasitic, polyembryonic wasp, is a promising organism in which to study germline stern cell regulation because a) they produce germline stem cells and their progenitors in relative abundance and b) they have two striking developmental processes associated with changes in germline regulation. First C. floridanum is polyembryonic meaning that thousands of offspring develop clonally from a single egg and therefore so too do thousands of germline stem cells. Polyembryony is achieved, in part, by increased proliferation early in embryogenesis. Secondly, offspring of the same brood develop into morphologically distinct larval castes. Recent evidence indicates that germ plasm, the cytoplasm defining germline stem cell precursors, is required for both of these processes. Ablation of germ plasm containing cells in C. floridanum decreases proliferation and eliminates differentiation of the reproductive caste. Here, I hypothesize that changes in early stem cell regulation are responsible for polyembryony and caste differentiation in this species. The specific aims of this proposal are to evaluate my hypothesis by testing explicit predictions about how germ plasm containing cells should act during development using a combination of observational and functional studies. The long-term goals of my study are to understand the function of germline and other stem cells during development. While germline stem cells are essential for development and have been linked to disease, very little is understood about how they are formed. This work will contribute to understanding the molecular controls of stem cells and how they vary among organisms.

描述（由申请人提供）：干细胞自我更新和分化为其他细胞类型的能力使它们成为了生命科学家的极大兴趣的主题。种系干细胞是一类干细胞，仅引起与种系有关的细胞，包括卵和精子，因此出于发育原因也很重要。生殖线干细胞在历史上被证明是由于生物中的稀缺性而被证明具有挑战性研究。 Copidosoma flolidanum是一种寄生虫多经叶黄蜂，是一种有前途的生物体，可以在其中研究种系肠细胞调节，因为a）它们在相对丰度中产生种系干细胞及其祖细胞，并且它们具有相对丰度，b）它们具有两个与生殖线调节变化相关的惊人发育过程。第一个C. floridanum是聚胚液，这意味着成千上万的后代是从单个卵中出现的，因此成千上万的种系干细胞也是如此。在胚胎发生早期增殖时，部分通过增加了多晶状体。其次，同一育雏的后代发展成为形态上不同的幼虫种姓。最近的证据表明，这两种过程都需要种植细胞质，定义种系干细胞前体的细胞质定义生殖线干细胞前体。植物中含有细胞的种植细胞的消融可降低增殖并消除生殖种姓的分化。在这里，我假设早期干细胞调节的变化是该物种中多晶状体和种姓分化的原因。该提案的具体目的是通过测试有关含有种系细胞的细胞在开发过程中如何使用观察性研究和功能研究组合在发育过程中如何作用的明确预测来评估我的假设。我研究的长期目标是了解发育过程中种系和其他干细胞的功能。虽然生殖线干细胞对于发育至关重要，并且与疾病有关，但几乎没有理解它们的形成。这项工作将有助于理解干细胞的分子控制以及它们在生物体之间的变化。