Developmental Links Between Perception and Motor Action

感知和运动动作之间的发展联系

• 批准号: 7922594
• 负责人: Vanessa LoBue
• 金额: $ 1.78万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7922594
• 关键词: Accidents; Adult; Age; Age-Months; Child; Development; Frequencies; Goals; Infant; Injury; Judgment; Learning; Life; Link; Locomotion; Manuals; Modeling; Motor; Motor Skills; Perception; Probability; Research; Severities; Source; Testing; Toddler; Variant; Visual; Walkers; Walking; Work; age effect; design; experience; falls; public health relevance; research study; skills

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of the proposed research is to understand the developmental links between perception of motor action and the acquisition of motor skill. Experience is critical for planning motor actions adaptively. Previous research shows that novice crawling and walking infants do not accurately perceive possibilities for locomotion. They attempt to cross impossibly wide gaps and steep slopes. Over weeks of locomotor experience, action participation becomes increasingly adaptive. However, long before infants acquire independent mobility, they have opportunities to observe other people perform locomotor actions. The proposed experiments examine effects of locomotor experience on action participation and action observation. Infants at 8, 12, and 16 months of age will be tested on both a participation and an observation task. In the participation task, infants will decide whether to cross possible and impossible gaps. In the observation task, they will view displays of a model infant performing the same possible and impossible locomotor actions at the edge of a gap. The research has 2 specific aims. The first aim is to examine the relationship between action participation and action observation. That is, does accurate observation of a motor action develop before, concurrent with, or after infants' ability to guide those same actions adaptively? The second aim is to examine the independent effects of age and locomotor experience on the participation and observation of motor action. Normally, age and experience are confounded. However, in the proposed research, separate effects of age and experience will be assessed with an age-matched control design to compare prelocomotor and novice crawlers at the same chronological age (8 months), and experienced crawlers and novice walkers at the same chronological age (12 months). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The results of the proposed studies have important implications for infants' perception of risky situations in which they are faced with the danger of falling. Falls are a common source of injury in young children, especially in infants who are just learning to crawl and to walk. A better understanding of the developmental relationship between action participation and action observation may suggest ways to decrease the frequency and severity of falling accidents.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究的总体目标是了解运动动作感知与收购运动技能之间的发展联系。经验对于自适应计划运动动作至关重要。先前的研究表明，新手爬行和步行婴儿没有准确地感知运动的可能性。他们试图越过宽阔的缝隙和陡峭的斜坡。在数周的运动经验中，行动参与变得越来越自适应。但是，在婴儿获得独立流动性之前，他们有机会观察其他人进行运动行动。提出的实验检查了运动经验对行动参与和行动观察的影响。 8、12和16个月大的婴儿将在参与和观察任务上进行测试。在参与任务中，婴儿将决定是否跨越可能和不可能的差距。在观察任务中，他们将查看模型婴儿的显示，该模型在间隙边缘执行相同的可能和不可能的运动动作。该研究具有2个特定目标。第一个目的是检查行动参与与行动观察之间的关系。也就是说，在婴儿能够适应相同的动作的能力之前或之后，对运动动作的准确观察是否会发展？第二个目的是检查年龄和运动经验对运动动作的参与和观察的独立影响。通常，年龄和经验会变得混乱。但是，在拟议的研究中，将通过年龄匹配的控制设计评估年龄和经验的单独影响，以比较同一年代年龄（8个月）的初步爬行者和新手爬行者，并且在同一年代年代（12个月）时经验丰富的爬行者和新手助行器。公共卫生相关性：拟议研究的结果对婴儿对危险情况的看法具有重要意义，在这种情况下，他们面临着跌倒的危险。瀑布是幼儿的常见伤害来源，尤其是在学习爬行和走路的婴儿中。对行动参与与行动观察之间的发展关系有更好的理解可能提出减少事故降低的频率和严重性的方法。