Clinical Core

临床核心

基本信息

批准号：
7854620
负责人：
Ann Cornwall Collier
金额：
$ 34.06万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-15 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7854620
关键词：
Accounting Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acute Acyclovir Address African Biohazardous Substance Blood Volume Cessation of life Characteristics Chronic Clinical Clinical Data Clinical Research Cohort Studies Collaborations Communicable Diseases Communication Communities Complex Confidentiality Conflict (Psychology)Controlled Clinical Trials Couples Data Developing Countries Development Domestic Partners Enrollment Environment Epidemic Event Genital system Goals HIV HIV-1 Health Health Services Accessibility Heterosexuals Human Immunologics Improve Access Individual Infection International Knowledge Laboratory Study Length Leukapheresis Life Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Observational Study Participant Pathogenesis Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Persons Placebo Control Plasma Prevention Probability Procedures Prospective Studies Publications RNA Randomized Regulation Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Seminal Plasma Sexual Transmission Social Impacts Specimen Staging Time United States Update Urine Vaccine Research Vaccines Variant Viral Virus Woman Work base clinical infrastructure cohort design env Glycoproteins follow-up genital herpes genital secretion glycosylation healthy volunteer human subject protection member men mortality programs prospective sex transmission process

项目摘要

With an estimated 33 million persons living with HIV-1, 2.1 millions deaths from AIDS in 2007, and 2.5 million new HIV-1 infections per year worldwide, the global impact of HIV-1 and AIDS continues to be overwhelming, despite advances in treatment of chronic HIV-1 infection and improved access to treatment in developing countries\ Even in the United States, whose epidemic is dwarfed by that in developing countries, HIV-1 infection has had major health and social impacts: an estimated 1.3 million persons were living with HIV-1 infection and 56,000 people were newly infected in 2007[1,2]. Virologic and immunologic data germane to development of biomedical preventative strategies such as vaccines is critically important. 3.1 Viral Correlates of Sexual Transmission of HIV-1. The strongest viral correlate of sexual transmission has been plasma HiV-1 RNA levels[3,4]. HIV RNA levels in plasma and genital secretions correiate[5,6] and seminal plasma have been correlated with transmission probability[7,8]. More recent data suggest that distinct viral variants may be enriched in genital secretions compared with blood plasma although data are conflicting [9-12]. Many studies of sexual transmission over the years have shown that infections with HIV-1 subtype B typically (current estimates are ¿¿70-80[13,14,15]) originate from single virus founders. However, data from heterosexual African women and men who had recently acquired HIV-1 subtypes A or D demonstrated that 20 of 32 women had multiple viral variants whereas all 10 of the men studied had a single variant^^. These data suggest that sex of the Infected individual or viral subtype might modify the characteristics of the transmitted virus. Other studies have suggested that other viral characteristics such as such as env glycoprotein N-llnked glycosylation or env lengths may impact transmissibility^^'^^, though again this may be subtype-specific[2021] (see Projects 1 and 3 for more detailed discussions).

据估计，全世界有 3300 万 HIV-1 感染者，2007 年有 210 万人死于艾滋病，每年有 250 万新的 HIV-1 感染者，尽管治疗方法取得了进展，但 HIV-1 和艾滋病对全球的影响依然巨大减少慢性 HIV-1 感染并改善发展中国家获得治疗的机会\即使在其流行病与发展中国家相比相形见绌的美国，HIV-1 感染也产生了重大的健康和社会影响：估计为 1.3 2007 年，有 100 万人感染 HIV-1，并且有 56,000 人新感染病毒[1,2]，这对于制定疫苗等生物预防医学策略至关重要。 3.1 HIV-1 性传播的病毒相关性性传播的最强病毒相关性是血浆中的 HIV-1 RNA 水平[3,4]，血浆和生殖器分泌物中的 HIV RNA 水平具有相关性[5,6]。与传播概率相关[7,8]，尽管多年来的许多关于性传播的研究表明，与血浆相比，不同的病毒变种可能在生殖器分泌物中丰富。那种感染HIV-1 B 亚型的感染者通常（目前估计为 70-80[13,14,15]）源自单一病毒创始人，然而，数据来自最近感染 HIV-1 A 或 D 亚型的非洲异性恋女性和男性。证明 32 名女性中有 20 名具有多种病毒变异体，而研究的所有 10 名男性均具有单一变异体^^。这些数据表明，感染者的性别或病毒亚型可能会改变所传播病毒的特征。其他研究表明，其他病毒特征，例如 env 糖蛋白 N 连接糖基化或 env 长度可能会影响传播性^^'^^，尽管这可能是亚型特异性的[2021]（有关更详细信息，请参阅项目 1 和 3）讨论）。