Bilateral cochlear implants: Physiology and psychophysics

双侧人工耳蜗：生理学和心理物理学

• 批准号: 7856891
• 负责人: Bertrand Delgutte
• 金额: $ 18.92万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-17 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7856891
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Age of Onset; Animal Model; Animal Testing; Animals; Anus; Auditory; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biophysics; Boston; Brain Stem; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Complex; Cues; Data; Development; Discrimination; Ear; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electronics; Environment; Eye; Face; Felis catus; Goals; Grant; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Implant; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Ion Channel; Lead; Massachusetts; Medial; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Morphology; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Noise; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Physiological; Physiology; Plants; Population; Process; Property; Psychology; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Recording of previous events; Research Personnel; Series; Shapes; Sound Localization; Source; Speech; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Work; auditory pathway; binaural hearing; compare effectiveness; computer studies; critical period; deafness; deprivation; design; electric field; experience; human subject; implantation; improved; lateral superior olive; neurophysiology; novel strategies; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; trend; Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Age of Onset; Animal Model; Animal Testing; Animals; Anus; Auditory; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biophysics; Boston; Brain Stem; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Complex; Cues; Data; Development; Discrimination; Ear; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electronics; Environment; Eye; Face; Felis catus; Goals; Grant; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Implant; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Ion Channel; Lead; Massachusetts; Medial; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Morphology; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Noise; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Physiological; Physiology; Plants; Population; Process; Property; Psychology; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Recording of previous events; Research Personnel; Series; Shapes; Sound Localization; Source; Speech; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Work; auditory pathway; binaural hearing; compare effectiveness; computer studies; critical period; deafness; deprivation; design; electric field; experience; human subject; implantation; improved; lateral superior olive; neurophysiology; novel strategies; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bilateral cochlear implantation aims at restoring the functional benefits of binaural hearing to the profoundly deaf. While wearers of bilateral implants show improved sound localization and speech reception in noise, their ability to process interaural time differences (ITD) is still far from normal, resulting in smaller binaural benefits than normal in everyday acoustic environments. In this application, investigators from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, MIT, and Boston University combine their expertise in psychophysics, neurophysiology and neural computation in order to gain a basic understanding of the ITD processing with bilateral cochlear implants. Psychophysical experiments in bilaterally-implanted human subjects will be conducted in parallel with single-unit recordings from the inferior colliculus of deaf cats implanted bilaterally with intracochlear electrode arrays. The specific aims are to (1) compare neural ITD sensitivity in animals differing in age of onset of deafness and duration of deafness in order to test whether deprivation of binaural experience has an effect on ITD sensitivity and whether there is a critical period for these effects; (2) characterize the effects of electrode interactions on both neural and behavioral ITD sensitivity in order to understand how ITD is processed with multi-channel stimulation as occurs when listening through a processor and in the presence of multiple sound sources; (3) develop models for binaural brainstem neurons to understand the mechanisms underlying neural ITD sensitivity with bilateral implants, and models for activity patterns in populations of neurons to predict psychophysical performance, and compare the effectiveness of various strategies for estimating the stimulus ITD from the population activity. These studies will increase our basic understanding of how neural, psychophysical and electrode factors interact with binaural experience in shaping performance with bilateral cochlear implants. They are also likely to lead to new binaural sound processors for bilateral cochlear implants that work better in everyday acoustic environments comprising multiple sound sources and reverberation, and that are adapted to specific types of patients depending on their history of binaural experience and deprivation. Finally, the combination of controlled deafening, bilateral cochlear implantation and neural recording offers a novel approach for studying the plasticity of the binaural system. The profoundly deaf increasingly receive cochlear implants in both ears in the hope that such bilateral implantation will improve their ability to localize sounds and understand speech in noise. Our studies combine expertise from neurophysiology, psychology and biophysics in order to gain a basic understanding of the challenges wearers of bilateral implants face in everyday situations and how performance interacts with their history of deafness. These studies will likely lead to new electronic sound processors for bilateral implants that work better in noise and are better adapted to specific types of deafness histories.

描述（由申请人提供）：双边人工耳蜗旨在恢复双耳听力的功能益处，以深深的聋哑。虽然双侧植入物的佩戴者在噪声中显示出改善的声音定位和语音接收，但它们处理室内时间差异（ITD）的能力远非正常，从而在日常声学环境中产生的双耳益处要比正常情况较小。在此应用中，来自马萨诸塞州眼和耳科医院，麻省理工学院和波士顿大学的研究人员在心理物理学，神经生理学和神经计算方面结合了他们的专业知识，以便通过双边人群植入物获得对ITD处理的基本了解。双侧植入人类受试者中的心理物理实验将与来自聋猫下胶质的单单元记录并行进行，并在双侧植入了与原表面上的电极阵列一起植入。具体的目的是（1）比较动物的神经ITD敏感性，这些动物的耳聋发作和耳聋持续时间不同，以测试剥夺双耳经验是否对ITD敏感性有影响，并且这些影响是否存在关键时期； （2）表征电极相互作用对神经和行为ITD灵敏度的影响，以便了解如何使用多通道刺激处理ITD，就像通过处理器聆听以及在存在多个声源时发生的那样； （3）开发了双耳脑干神经元的模型，以了解与双侧植入物的神经ITD敏感性的基础机制，以及神经元种群中的活动模式的模型，以预测心理物理性能，并比较各种策略以估计种群活动的刺激ITD的有效性。这些研究将提高我们对神经，心理物理和电极因子如何与双耳经验相互作用在双侧耳蜗植入物塑造性能方面如何相互作用的基本理解。它们还可能导致新的双耳声处理器，用于双边人工皮革植入物，这些植入物在包括多种声音源和回响的日常声学环境中更好地工作，并且根据其双耳经验和剥夺的历史而适应了特定类型的患者。最后，受控聋哑，双侧人工耳蜗和神经记录的组合为研究双耳系统的可塑性提供了一种新颖的方法。深深的聋人越来越多地接受两只耳朵的人工耳蜗植入物，希望这种双边植入能够提高其本地化声音和理解噪音中语音的能力。我们的研究结合了神经生理学，心理学和生物物理学的专业知识，以便对双边植入物在日常情况下面临的挑战以及表现如何与他们的耳聋史相互作用。这些研究可能会导致双侧植入物在噪声方面更好地工作并更好地适应特定类型的耳聋历史的新型电子声音处理器。