Depression Surge in Adolescence & Gender Differences: Biocognitive Mechanisms

青春期抑郁症激增

• 批准号: 7792463
• 负责人: LYN Y ABRAMSON
• 金额: $ 65.42万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-09 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7792463
• 关键词: 12 year old; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; African American; Alleles; Area; Biological; Biological Process; Body Image; Brain; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Communities; Competence; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Early treatment; Employee Strikes; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Event; Feedback; Feeling hopeless; Female; Future; Gender; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Genotype; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Mediating; Mental Depression; Minority; Mission; Modeling; Mothers; Motivation; Parenting behavior; Parents; Poverty; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Diagnosis; Psychopathology; Public Health; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sex Characteristics; Short-Term Memory; Staging; Stress; Symptoms; Testing; Theoretical model; Thinking; Time; Youth; body dissatisfaction; boys; depressive symptoms; emotional abuse; ethnic difference; executive function; experience; girls; infancy; innovation; male; peer; peer victimization; prospective; psychologic; public health relevance; racial discrimination; serotonin transporter; stressor; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Why does depression surge so dramatically in adolescence, especially for females? Despite the great scientific and public health significance of this question, the mechanisms underlying the surge in depression and emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence remain elusive. This application is relevant to NIMH's mission to understand the causes of depression in youth, role of minority and gender status in depression, and targets for early intervention. The aims of this application are to examine the generality to African-Americans of this surge in depression and emergence of gender differences as well as to examine the mechanisms underlying these developmental phenomena from the perspective of an innovative genetic-cognitive vulnerability X transactional stress model, embedded within a normative adolescent brain and cognitive development context. To this end, a large-scale prospective, longitudinal study of 600 12-year old community youth (evenly divided between males and females and Caucasians and African-Americans) and their parents will be conducted. Assessments of children's cognitive and genetic (serotonin transporter gene polymorphism; Year 2 only) vulnerability, normative cognitive development, racial identity, and psychiatric diagnoses will be conducted at Time 1 and yearly thereafter. Assessments of psychiatric symptoms, negative life events, hopelessness, emotional abuse and peer victimization, perceived discrimination, body image, and pubertal status will occur every 6 months. In addition, assessments of parental psychopathology and parental cognitive vulnerability will be obtained from Ps' mothers at Time 1. Finally, information about parenting styles and parental inferential feedback will be obtained from Ps' mothers at Time 1 and yearly. Results will have very significant implications for prevention of depression. Knowledge of mechanisms underlying the adolescent surge in depression would suggest interventions for short-circuiting it and the great impairment it portends for young adulthood. Specifically, results will suggest optimal features of preventive interventions for depression in youth regarding: identification of youth to target, timing, psychological or biological processes to target, and interventions for girls vs. boys and African-Americans vs. Caucasians. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application is unique in that it will provide a major prospective study of the generality across ethnic groups of the adolescent surge in depression and emergence of gender differences and test mechanisms underlying these two developmental phenomena from the perspective of an integrated cognitive vulnerability-stress/genetic vulnerability- stress model. In addition, developmental trajectories of executive functions relevant to the genesis of cognitive vulnerability to depression, informed by knowledge of normative adolescent brain and cognitive development, will be examined. By isolating the risk factors and mechanisms underlying the development of depression in adolescence, the project's findings will have significant implications for the prevention of depression, particularly in the area of optimal timing and targeting (i.e., high cognitive and/or genetic risk) of interventions that could be tailored appropriately to address gender and ethnic differences.

描述（由申请人提供）：为什么抑郁症在青春期如此急剧上升，尤其是对于女性而言？尽管这个问题具有巨大的科学和公共卫生意义，但青春期抑郁症激增和性别差异的出现的基础机制仍然难以捉摸。该应用与NIMH的使命是了解青年人在抑郁症中的抑郁症原因，少数群体和性别状况在抑郁症中的作用以及早期干预的目标。该应用的目的是研究这种抑郁症激增和性别差异出现的非裔美国人的普遍性，以及从创新的遗传认知脆弱性X交易脆弱性X交易脆弱性模型的角度检查这些发育现象的基础机制，该模型嵌入了规范性的认知大脑和认知能力发展中。为此，将对600名12岁的社区青年进行大规模的前瞻性，纵向研究（男性与女性，高加索人和非裔美国人之间的均匀分裂），他们的父母将进行。评估儿童的认知和遗传（5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因多态性；仅2年）脆弱性，规范认知发展，种族认同和精神病诊断将在时间1和此后每年进行。评估精神病症状，负面的生活事件，绝望，情绪虐待和同伴受害，感知的歧视，身体形象和青春期状态将每6个月发生一次。此外，在时间1时，将从PS的母亲那里获得对父母心理病理学和父母认知脆弱性的评估。最后，有关育儿风格和父母推论反馈的信息将从时间1和每年的PS'母亲那里获得。结果将对预防抑郁症具有非常重要的影响。了解抑郁症青少年激增的机制的知识表明，干预措施及其对年轻成年期预定的巨大损害。具体而言，结果将提出针对年轻人的抑郁症的预防干预措施的最佳特征，以识别青年以识别目标，时机，心理或生物学过程，以靶向目标，以及针对女孩，男孩和非裔美国人与高加索人的干预措施。公共卫生相关性：此应用是独一无二的，因为它将为抑郁症的青春期激增和性别差异的出现以及从综合认知脆弱性压力/遗传压力模型的角度提供对这两种发展现象的性别差异和测试机制的出现的主要前瞻性研究。此外，将研究与抑郁症的认知脆弱性相关的执行功能的发展轨迹，这是通过对规范性青少年大脑和认知发展的知识所启发的。通过隔离青春期抑郁症发展的危险因素和机制，该项目的发现将对预防抑郁症具有重要意义，尤其是在最佳时机和靶向领域（即高认知和/或遗传风险）的干预措施，可以适当地量身定制，以应对性别和种族差异。