Racial Stigma and Substance Use Vulnerability Among African American Young Adults: Examining Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms

非裔美国年轻人的种族耻辱和药物使用脆弱性：检查​​认知和情感机制

• 批准号: 10683971
• 负责人: Cristina Maria Risco
• 金额: $ 16.87万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10683971
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Affective; African American; African American population; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Computers; Cues; Data; Development Plans; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Exposure to; Feedback; Frequencies; Imagery; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Joints; Laboratories; Learning; Link; Literature; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Negative Valence; Neurobiology; Outcome; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Performance; Phase; Positive Valence; Predisposition; Prevention; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Race; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Sampling; Stress; System; Time; Training; Work; behavioral health; career development; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; coping; cue reactivity; design; ethnic health disparity; executive function; experience; health disparity; heuristics; indexing; insight; member; multilevel analysis; neural; neurophysiology; novel; promote resilience; psychosocial stressors; public health priorities; racial discrimination; racial disparity; racial identity; response; reward processing; skills; social stigma; stress reactivity; substance use; time use; vigilance; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY The current application aims to address racial/ethnic disparities in health experienced by African American young adults through the isolation of acute cognitive and affective mechanisms in the linkages between racial stigma, stress, and vulnerability to substance use. The extant literature provides critical observations of the link between self-reported racial discrimination and real- world risk behavior among African Americans. However, cognitive-neuroscience paradigms have been underutilized thus limiting our understanding of core cognitive and affective processes that underlie stress reactivity, recovery, and behavior in the immediate context of a racial stigma event—as well as factors that may amplify or mitigate acute effects. To address this need, we build on the cue reactivity and substance use literature to develop a racial-stigma, cue-focused task to drive event-related designs for assessing stigma-related change in brain systems involved in cue reactivity, executive function, and reward processing. This work has the potential to shed new light on (a) cognitive and affective processing of singular events of racial stigma (Aim 1) (b) how racial-stigma stress produces sustained changes in affective and regulatory processes (Aim 2) and (c) risk and resilience-promoting factors that moderate these processes (Aim 3). In the proposed K08 career development plan, the Candidate will undertake training to acquire core skills in cognitive-neuroscience approaches, based on electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related potential (ERP) measures, to assess underlying mechanisms of the stigma-stress-substance use pathway. These include conventional time- domain approaches (e.g. late positive potential; LPP), joint time-frequency EEG/ERP analysis of regional neural activation in amplitude (e.g. medial-frontal theta and centro-parietal delta), and how neurophysiological activity is coordinated into dynamic functional networks using time- frequency phase-synchrony approaches. Further, the Candidate will learn to utilize these approaches to index constructs that are consistent with emerging measurement domain frameworks, namely Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), which offer a heuristic for representing complex neurobiological systems. The RDoC constructs of focus are of key relevance to substance use and include negative valence and positive valence systems (affective) as well as cognitive control (regulatory). The utilization of cognitive-neuroscience measures and mapping to RDoC constructs will allow for the parsing of core cognitive and affective processes, enhance theoretical clarity and predictive utility of racial-adversity stress in the context of risk behavior, and ultimately provide more parsimonious intervention targets.

项目概要 当前的应用程序旨在解决非洲人所经历的健康方面的种族/民族差异 美国年轻人通过隔离急性认知和情感机制 种族耻辱、压力和药物滥用脆弱性之间的联系现有文献。 提供了对自我报告的种族歧视与真实种族歧视之间联系的批判性观察。 然而，非裔美国人的世界风险行为。 没有得到充分利用，从而限制了我们对核心和情感的理解 压力反应、恢复和直接环境下行为的过程 种族耻辱事件以及可能放大或减轻急性影响的因素。 为了满足这种需要，我们以提示反应和物质使用文献为基础，发展种族耻辱， 以提示为中心的任务，驱动事件相关的设计，以评估大脑中与耻辱相关的变化 这项工作涉及提示反应、执行功能和奖励处理的系统。 有可能为以下方面提供新的线索：(a) 种族单一事件的认知和情感处理 耻辱（目标 1）(b) 种族耻辱压力如何导致情感和情感上的持续变化 监管流程（目标 2）和 (c) 调节这些风险和复原力的因素 在拟议的 K08 职业发展计划中，候选人将承担 培训以获得认知神经科学方法的核心技能，基于 脑电图 (EEG) 事件相关电位 (ERP) 测量，以评估潜在的 这些包括传统的时间-耻辱-压力-物质使用途径的机制。 领域方法（例如晚期正电位；LPP），联合时频 EEG/ERP 分析 区域神经激活幅度（例如内侧额叶θ和中央顶叶三角洲），以及 如何利用时间将神经生理活动协调成动态功能网络 此外，考生将学习使用这些方法。 与新兴衡量领域相一致的指数构建方法 框架，即研究领域标准（RDoC），它提供了一种启发式的表示方法 复杂的神经生物学系统。 物质使用，包括负价和正价系统（情感）以及 认知控制（监管）。认知神经科学测量和绘图的利用。 RDoC 结构将允许解析核心认知和情感过程，增强 风险行为背景下种族逆境压力的理论清晰度和预测效用， 并最终提供更简约的干预目标。